I'm pretty satisfied with these Og Kush Auto's so far! Responding very well to my home brew. All my organic teas throughout grow. Watch it take off... to the mooooon! My ultimate goal for this cabinet grow is a Quarter lb. Do you think i can do it with these Fastbuds? What strains to you guys recommend to achieve this goal? 🌲💨🙏✌️

ANTHOCYANIN production is primarily controlled by the Cryptochrome (CR1) Photoreceptor ( !! UV and Blue Spectrums are primary drivers in the production of the pigment that replaces chlorophyll, isn't that awesome! 1. Diverse photoreceptors in plants Many civilizations, including the sun god of ancient Egypt, thought that the blessings of sunlight were the source of life. In fact, the survival of all life, including humans, is supported by the photosynthesis of plants that capture solar energy. Plants that perform photosynthesis have no means of transportation except for some algae. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor various changes in the external environment and respond appropriately to the place to survive. Among various environmental information, light is especially important information for plants that perform photosynthesis. In the process of evolution, plants acquired phytochrome, which mainly receives light in the red light region, and multiple blue light receptors, including his hytropin and phototropin, in order to sense the light environment. .. In addition to these, an ultraviolet light receptor named UVR8 was recently discovered. The latest image of the molecular structure and function of these various plant photoreceptors (Fig. 1), focusing on phytochrome and phototropin. Figure 1 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, and UVR8. The dashed line represents each bioactive absorption spectrum. 2. Phytochrome; red-far red photoreversible molecular switch What is phytochrome? Phytochrome is a photochromic photoreceptor, and has two absorption types, a red light absorption type Pr (absorption maximum wavelength of about 665 nm) and a far-red light absorption type Pfr (730 nm). Reversible light conversion between the two by red light and far-red light, respectively(Fig. 1A, solid line and broken line). In general, Pfr is the active form that causes a physiological response. With some exceptions, phytochrome can be said to function as a photoreversible molecular switch. The background of the discovery is as follows. There are some types of plants that require light for germination (light seed germination). From that study, it was found that germination was induced by red light, the effect was inhibited by subsequent far-red light irradiation, and this could be repeated, and the existence of photoreceptors that reversibly photoconvert was predicted. In 1959, its existence was confirmed by the absorption spectrum measurement of the yellow sprout tissue, and it was named phytochrome. Why does the plant have a sensor to distinguish between such red light and far-red light? There is no big difference between the red and far-red light regions in the open-field spectrum of sunlight, but the proportion of red light is greatly reduced due to the absorption of chloroplasts in the shade of plants. Similar changes in light quality occur in the evening sunlight. Plants perceive this difference in light quality as the ratio of Pr and Pfr, recognize the light environment, and respond to it. Subsequent studies have revealed that it is responsible for various photomorphogenic reactions such as photoperiodic flowering induction, shade repellent, and deyellowing (greening). Furthermore, with the introduction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and the development of molecular biological analysis methods, research has progressed dramatically, and his five types of phytochromes (phyA-E) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana. all right. With the progress of the genome project, Fi’s tochrome-like photoreceptors were found in cyanobacteria, a photosynthetic prokaryotes other than plants. Furthermore, in non-photosynthetic bacteria, a homologue molecule called bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and radiation-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Dr). Domain structure of phytochrome molecule Phytochrome molecule can be roughly divided into N-terminal side and C-terminal side region. PAS (Per / Arndt / Sim: blue), GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase / adenylyl cyclase / FhlA: green), PHY (phyto-chrome: purple) 3 in the N-terminal region of plant phytochrome (Fig. 2A) There are two domains and an N-terminal extension region (NTE: dark blue), and phytochromobilin (PΦB), which is one of the ring-opening tetrapyrroles, is thioether-bonded to the system stored in GAF as a chromophore. ing. PAS is a domain involved in the interaction between signal transduction-related proteins, and PHY is a phytochrome-specific domain. There are two PASs and her histidine kinase-related (HKR) domain (red) in the C-terminal region, but the histidine essential for kinase activity is not conserved. 3. Phototropin; photosynthetic efficiency optimized blue light receptor What is phototropin? Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution, wrote in his book “The power of move-ment in plants” published in 1882 that plants bend toward blue light. Approximately 100 years later, the protein nph1 (nonphoto-tropic hypocotyl 1) encoded by one of the causative genes of Arabidopsis mutants causing phototropic abnormalities was identified as a blue photoreceptor. Later, another isotype npl1 was found and renamed phototropin 1 (phot1) and 2 (phot2), respectively. In addition to phototropism, phototropin is damaged by chloroplast photolocalization (chloroplasts move through the epidermal cells of the leaves and gather on the cell surface under appropriate light intensity for photosynthesis. As a photoreceptor for reactions such as escaping to the side of cells under dangerous strong light) and stomata (reactions that open stomata to optimize the uptake of carbon dioxide, which is the rate-determining process of photosynthetic reactions). It became clear that it worked. In this way, phototropin can be said to be a blue light receptor responsible for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Domain structure and LOV photoreaction of phototropin molecule Phototropin molecule has two photoreceptive domains (LOV1 and LOV2) called LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage sensing) on the N-terminal side, and serine / on the C-terminal side. It is a protein kinase that forms threonine kinase (STK) (Fig. 4Aa) and whose activity is regulated by light. LOV is one molecule as a chromophore, he binds FMN (flavin mononucleotide) non-covalently. The LOV forms an α/βfold, and the FMN is located on a β-sheet consisting of five antiparallel β-strands (Fig. 4B). The FMN in the ground state LOV shows the absorption spectrum of a typical oxidized flavin protein with a triplet oscillation structure and an absorption maximum wavelength of 450 nm, and is called D450 (Fig. 1C and Fig. 4E). After being excited to the singlet excited state by blue light, the FMN shifts to the triplet excited state (L660t *) due to intersystem crossing, and then the C4 (Fig. 4C) of the isoaroxazine ring of the FMN is conserved in the vicinity. It forms a transient accretionary prism with the tain (red part in Fig. 4B Eα) (S390I). When this cysteine is replaced with alanine (C / A substitution), the addition reaction does not occur. The effect of adduct formation propagates to the protein moiety, causing kinase activation (S390II). After that, the formed cysteine-flavin adduct spontaneously dissociates and returns to the original D450 (Fig. 4E, dark regression reaction). Phototropin kinase activity control mechanism by LOV2 Why does phototropin have two LOVs? Atphot1 was found as a protein that is rapidly autophosphorylated when irradiated with blue light. The effect of the above C / A substitution on this self-phosphorylation reaction and phototropism was investigated, and LOV2 is the main photomolecular switch in both self-phosphorylation and phototropism. It turns out that it functions as. After that, from experiments using artificial substrates, STK has a constitutive activity, LOV2 functions as an inhibitory domain of this activity, and the inhibition is eliminated by photoreaction, while LOV1 is kinase light. It was shown to modify the photosensitivity of the activation reaction. In addition to this, LOV1 was found to act as a dimerization site from the crystal structure and his SAXS. What kind of molecular mechanism does LOV2 use to photoregulate kinase activity? The following two modules play important roles in this intramolecular signal transduction. Figure 4 (A) Domain structure of LOV photoreceptors. a: Phototropin b: Neochrome c: FKF1 family protein d: Aureochrome (B) Crystal structure of auto barley phot1 LOV2. (C) Structure of FMN isoaroxazine ring. (D) Schematic diagram of the functional domain and module of Arabidopsis thaliana phot1. L, A’α, and Jα represent linker, A’α helix, and Jα helix, respectively. (E) LOV photoreaction. (F) Molecular structure model (mesh) of the LOV2-STK sample (black line) containing A’α of phot2 obtained based on SAXS under dark (top) and under bright (bottom). The yellow, red, and green space-filled models represent the crystal structures of LOV2-Jα, protein kinase A N-lobe, and C-robe, respectively, and black represents FMN. See the text for details. 1) Jα. LOV2 C of oat phot1-to α immediately after the terminus Rix (Jα) is present (Fig. 4D), which interacts with the β-sheet (Fig. 4B) that forms the FMN-bound scaffold of LOV2 in the dark, but unfolds and dissociates from the β-sheet with photoreaction. It was shown by NMR that it does. According to the crystal structure of LOV2-Jα, this Jα is located on the back surface of the β sheet and mainly has a hydrophobic interaction. The formation of S390II causes twisting of the isoaroxazine ring and protonation of N5 (Fig. 4C). As a result, the glutamine side chain present on his Iβ strand (Fig. 4B) in the β-sheet rotates to form a hydrogen bond with this protonated N5. Jα interacts with this his Iβ strand, and these changes are thought to cause the unfold-ing of Jα and dissociation from the β-sheet described above. Experiments such as amino acid substitution of Iβ strands revealed that kinases exhibit constitutive activity when this interaction is eliminated, and that Jα plays an important role in photoactivation of kinases. 2) A’α / Aβ gap. Recently, several results have been reported showing the involvement of amino acids near the A’α helix (Fig. 4D) located upstream of the N-terminal of LOV2 in kinase photoactivation. Therefore, he investigated the role of this A’α and its neighboring amino acids in kinase photoactivation, photoreaction, and Jα structural change for Atphot1. The LOV2-STK polypeptide (Fig. 4D, underlined in black) was used as a photocontrollable kinase for kinase activity analysis. As a result, it was found that the photoactivation of the kinase was abolished when amino acid substitution was introduced into the A’α / Aβ gap between A’α and Aβ of the LOV2 core. Interestingly, he had no effect on the structural changes in Jα examined on the peptide map due to the photoreaction of LOV2 or trypsin degradation. Therefore, the A’α / Aβ gap is considered to play an important role in intramolecular signal transduction after Jα. Structural changes detected by SAXS Structural changes of Jα have been detected by various biophysical methods other than NMR, but structural information on samples including up to STK is reported only by his results to his SAXS. Not. The SAXS measurement of the Atphot2 LOV2-STK polypeptide showed that the radius of inertia increased from 32.4 Å to 34.8 Å, and the molecular model (Fig. 4F) obtained by the ab initio modeling software GASBOR is that of LOV2 and STK. It was shown that the N lobes and C lobes lined up in tandem, and the relative position of LOV2 with respect to STK shifted by about 13 Å under light irradiation. The difference in the molecular model between the two is considered to reflect the structural changes that occur in the Jα and A’α / Aβ gaps mentioned above. Two phototropins with different photosensitivity In the phototropic reaction of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis responds to a very wide range of light intensities from 10–4 to 102 μmol photon / sec / m2. At that time, phot1 functions as an optical sensor in a wide range from low light to strong light, while phot2 reacts with light stronger than 1 μmol photon / sec / m2. What is the origin of these differences? As is well known, animal photoreceptors have a high photosensitivity due to the abundance of rhodopsin and the presence of biochemical amplification mechanisms. The exact abundance of phot1 and phot2 in vivo is unknown, but interesting results have been obtained in terms of amplification. The light intensity dependence of the photoactivation of the LOV2-STK polypeptide used in the above kinase analysis was investigated. It was found that phot1 was about 10 times more photosensitive than phot2. On the other hand, when the photochemical reactions of both were examined, it was found that the rate of the dark return reaction of phot1 was about 10 times slower than that of phot2. This result indicates that the longer the lifetime of S390II, which is in the kinase-activated state, the higher the photosensitivity of kinase activation. This correlation was further confirmed by extending the lifespan of her S390II with amino acid substitutions. This alone cannot explain the widespread differences in photosensitivity between phot1 and phot2, but it may explain some of them. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate in detail protein modifications such as phosphorylation and the effects of phot interacting factors on photosensitivity. Other LOV photoreceptors Among fern plants and green algae, phytochrome ɾphotosensory module (PSM) on the N-terminal side and chimera photoreceptor with full-length phototropin on the C-terminal side, neochrome (Fig. There are types with 4Ab). It has been reported that some neochromes play a role in chloroplast photolocalization as a red light receiver. It is considered that fern plants have such a chimera photoreceptor in order to survive in a habitat such as undergrowth in a jungle where only red light reaches. In addition to this, plants have only one LOV domain, and three proteins involved in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-related proteins, FKF1 (Flavin-binding, Kelch repeat, F-box 1, ZTL (ZEITLUPE)), LKP2 ( There are LOV Kelch Protein2) (Fig. 4Ac) and aureochrome (Fig. 4Ad), which has a bZip domain on the N-terminal side of LOV and functions as a gene transcription factor. 4. Cryptochrome and UVR8 Cryptochrome is one of the blue photoreceptors and forms a superfamily with the DNA photoreceptor photolyase. It has FAD (flavin adenine dinucle-otide) as a chromophore and tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a condensing pigment. The ground state of FAD is considered to be the oxidized type, and the radical type (broken line in Fig. 1B) generated by blue light irradiation is considered to be the signaling state. The radical type also absorbs in the green to orange light region, and may widen the wavelength region of the plant morphogenesis reaction spectrum. Cryptochrome uses blue light to control physiological functions similar to phytochrome. It was identified as a photoreceptor from one of the causative genes of UVR8 Arabidopsis thaliana, and the chromophore is absorbed in the UVB region by a Trp triad consisting of three tryptophans (Fig. 1D). It is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins that function as UV scavengers in plants. Conclusion It is thought that plants have acquired various photoreceptors necessary for their survival during a long evolutionary process. The photoreceptors that cover the existing far-red light to UVB mentioned here are considered to be some of them. More and more diverse photoreceptor genes are conserved in cyanobacteria and marine plankton. By examining these, it is thought that the understanding of plant photoreceptors will be further deepened.

Beginning of the week: I started feeding her nutrients. Megacrop. 0.5 grams/litre. End of the week: third megacrop feed. 1 gr/litre. Transplanted to 3.8 L fabric pot.

Very nice smell coming from this buds guys! Very good strain to grow, let's see how those buds keep developing, they still have a long way to go! I just cannot wait to see this flowers in a couple of weeks more, I'm only watering using pure water, the FLO Living soil blend provides everything the plant needs and you only have to apply h2o and that's it!. Hope you guys enjoy my work! 🤗👨‍🌾🙏💚💛🧡

This week was a very easy one all that was involved was flushing. Flushing two separate times throughout the week involved tap water which was allowed to sit for 24 hours with air stones. Tap water was used first because the PPM of tap water is higher than RO water. Doing this avoids instant deprivation of food for plants, rather than cold turkeying them. As the last week arrives tap water will be replaced by RO water equating to 400PPM or less and given in abundance until PPM meter reads runoff at about the same 400PPM or less.

grow room adjustments this week. plants are now more spread out under a total of 5 600w HPS lights. 3 fastbuds plants have an additional 45w LED light. by week 3/4 they will occupy my whole grow space and an additional 3 600w HPS lights will be added. Plants are looking healthy and 10 or so have been topped for the first time on day 8. dinafem cookies are looking very good in structure. will upload pics every day until harvest! thanks for looking. UPDATE day 12 veg, they are looking beautiful better than i expected. there are 36 in 15litre pots now and i cant wait to make my final grow room upgrage next week and for my room to be looking like a forest! im hoping for 2-3kg off these girls and only time will tell. i will keep doing daily updates until harvest

Big love to MSNL seeds for breeding this fire, if i ever win the lottery i will save each and every one of u guys and buy big mansions. This plant is pure gold, elite level smell and resin production i cant believe its like life is a dream. Believe me if u grow it your life will change 💚

Sorry for the lack of uploading ! These plants have been perfect from the start. Budding out nicely and haven't shown any signs if defficiency. All training has been stopped and I have started cutting back on the nitrogen for the 2 autoflowers. The peanut butter cookies is growing to be very bushy so I have done some light defoliation to help with light penetrative to the lower canopy of the plant

Haben 3 Nächte Abwesenheit überstanden. Nochmal kräftig entlaubt und schon partiell lollipopped. Die kleinen Abfall Triebe mit Blüten im vaporizer probiert und ES WIRKT schon bisschen!! :D

Finally got the time to sit down to do some maintenance and training on this girl🙌 It was a wet and rainy Sunday on 7/25 so we pushed back our Farmers Market a day and I got to get soaked in the garden😅 Cleaned up the interior, removing discolored fan leaves that weren't getting enough light and small branches growing inward that wouldn't amount to much. Then I did some LST with 4' Bamboo stakes and PGarden EZ Soft Plant Ties. I staked 4 main branches to open up the interior for better light penetration and air circulation👍 When it was all said and done I brought the trim back down to the barn as a treat for my horse Kestrel, he loves snacking on trim leaves! I also switched the the Neptune's Harvest Rose and Flowering as we're approaching flowering time and also gave them some good old fashioned Crosby's Molasses to get those sugars going!

Day 119. Will update later. This grow is almost finished .... Jar day - all is done, now cure left. Happy Growing !!! P.S. if you are searching for Killer Kush, she got separate diary, my favourite of all 3 strains.

Just a another great week, lets wait for the fat Gorilla buds. She turn over last week so huge, its crazy

This is what's left in the tent, the gelato is comin down tonight and maybe the 2 smaller lemon aks maybe tmm. The cream cookies and other lemon AK will come down soon too and then I can get some pics. The pineapple and blue dream get 1 more flush

Still outside and doing good! Added another heater and second layer of plastic because it is now snowing out. Very frosty looks good. Going to take her a little further before chopping. Doing her flush.

Grow report week 1: The seedlings Hello dear growers and growerettes, it is time for an update on my grow. My plants have successfully passed the germination phase and have become healthy and lively seedlings. They are all between 5 and 10 cm tall and have exactly the same stages of development, as far as their leaves are concerned. The seedlings I have selected seven different strains from Zamnesia and Barneys Farm, which are all supposed to be very tasty and potent. I am curious how they will differ and which ones I will like best. The strains are: Bruce Banner 3 Banana Do-Si-Dos Gorilla Zkittlez Frosty Nightmare Pink Rozay Girl Scout Cookies The seedlings have all shown their first two cotyledons and their first two true leaves. They look healthy and strong and have a nice green color. They all have a similar size and shape, which indicates a good genetics and a uniform lighting. The care I planted the seedlings in the Lightmix from BioBizz, which is ideal for the germination phase. I moistened the seedlings with a spray bottle. I watered the seedlings once with Bio-Heaven, Root-Juice and Acti-Vera from BioBizz, which are supposed to support the soil, the roots and the plants. I used these products in a very low dosage, to not overfeed or burn the seedlings. I mixed them with pH-regulated water, to achieve the optimal pH value for the soil. I grew the seedlings in a closed room without a tent, which I lined with foil. I used two LED lamps from Lumatek, which each have a power of 300 watts. I set the lamps to a height of 50 centimeters above the seedlings, to not irradiate or burn them too much. The outlook I am very satisfied with the result of the first week. My seedlings have grown well and have shown no problems or deficiencies. I am looking forward to the next two weeks, where it will already be time for the first transplanting and the ladies will be able to taste the pre-fertilized soil for the first time. I will fertilize this run only a bit late, even if I will use osmosis water this time. The soil from BioBizz is really great and can carry the first weeks well on its own. I will start fertilizing about two weeks after the transplantation into the final pots. The next weeks I will introduce you to my water filter, which works much better than the current osmosis systems, without waste water, much faster, almost 1 to 1 flow and also much better for the environment. I am looking forward to your visits and the next weeks. I will continue to provide you with information and photos and let you participate in my grow. I wish you a nice day and a good grow! 😊

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Hello everybody nice to see you all on here hope everyone is doing good. This week whent very well .plant seems to look healthy and happy. But there is a slight defects on the first serrated leaves I can't figure out whether it's a birth defects or it's something else. I will probably post a picture on questions later . I personally think it's a birth deffect . But may be rong . We'll see what next week brings I appreciate you all looking at the diary. thank you so much and always remember it's 420 something 🌱👍

Shes fattening up nicely nodes all tightened up lowered lights slightly took a and b back down to 3ml per litre not much else to report thanks for reading happy growing guys

Die Woche über haben sich die Blüten weiter entwickelt. Die Trichome wurden mehr und man fängt an erste Terpene zu riechen. Wir haben Donnerstag (BT 21) stark entlaubt und schauen jetzt wie die Pflanzen wachsen. Wir gießen weiterhin durchschnittlich alle 4 Tage 1,5 L

Soon ill flip to 12 12