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My homework. Rubisco regeneration is intrinsically linked to nitrogen supply because Rubisco is a major sink for nitrogen in plants, typically accounting for 15% to over 25% of total leaf nitrogen. The regeneration phase itself consumes nitrogen through the synthesis of the Rubisco enzyme and associated proteins (like Rubisco activase), and overall nitrogen status heavily influences the efficiency of RuBP regeneration.Structural Component: Nitrogen is an essential building block for all proteins, and the sheer abundance of the Rubisco protein makes it the single largest storage of nitrogen in the leaf. Synthesis and Activity: Adequate nitrogen supply is crucial for the synthesis and maintenance of sufficient Rubisco enzyme and Rubisco activase (Rca), the regulatory protein responsible for maintaining Rubisco's active state. Nitrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the content and activity of both Rubisco and Rca, which in turn limits the maximum carboxylation rate, Vmax, and the rate of RuBP regeneration Jmax, thus reducing overall photosynthetic capacity. Nitrogen Storage and Remobilization: Rubisco can act as a temporary nitrogen storage protein, which is degraded to remobilize nitrogen to other growing parts of the plant, especially under conditions of nitrogen deficiency or senescence. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE): The allocation of nitrogen to Rubisco is a key determinant of a plant's photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). In high-nitrogen conditions, plants may accumulate a surplus of Rubisco, which may not be fully activated, leading to a lower PNUE. Optimizing the amount and activity of Rubisco relative to nitrogen availability is a target for improving crop NUE. Photorespiration and Nitrogen Metabolism: Nitrogen metabolism is also linked to the photorespiration pathway (which competes with carboxylation at the Rubisco active site), particularly in the reassimilation of ammonia released during the process. To increase RuBisCO regeneration, which refers to the process of forming the CO2 acceptor molecule Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis, the primary methods involve optimizing the levels and activity of Rubisco activase (Rca) and enhancing the performance of other Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzymes. Biochemical and Environmental Approaches: Optimize Rubisco Activase (Rca) activity: Rca is a crucial chaperone protein that removes inhibitory sugar phosphates, such as CA1P (2-carboxy-D-arabinitol 1-phosphate), from the Rubisco active site, thus maintaining its catalytic competence. •Ensure optimal light conditions: Rca is light-activated via the chloroplast's redox status. Adequate light intensity ensures Rca can effectively maintain Rubisco in its active, carbamylated state. •Maintain optimal temperature: Rca is highly temperature-sensitive and can become unstable at moderately high temperatures (e.g., above 35°C/95F° in many C3 plants), which decreases its ability to activate Rubisco. Maintaining temperatures within the optimal range for a specific plant species is important. •Optimize Mg2+ concentration: Mg2+ is a key cofactor for both Rubisco carbamylation and Rca activity. In the light, Mg2+ concentration in the chloroplast stroma increases, promoting activation. •Manage ATP/ADP ratio: Rca activity depends on ATP hydrolysis and is inhibited by ADP. Conditions that maintain a high ATP/ADP ratio in the chloroplast stroma favor Rca activity. Enhance Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle enzyme activity: The overall rate of RuBP regeneration can be limited by other enzymes in the cycle. •Increase SBPase activity: Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in the regeneration pathway, and increasing its activity can enhance RuBP regeneration and overall photosynthesis. •Optimize other enzymes: Overexpression of other CBB cycle enzymes such as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) can also help to balance the metabolic flux and improve RuBP regeneration capacity. Magnesium ions, Mg2+, are specifically required for Rubisco activation because the cation plays a critical structural and chemical role in forming the active site: A specific lysine residue in the active site must be carbamylated by a CO2 molecule to activate the enzyme. The resulting negatively charged carbamyl group then facilitates the binding of the positively charged Mg2+ion. While other divalent metal ions like Mn2+ can bind to Rubisco, they alter the enzyme's substrate specificity and lead to dramatically lower activity or a higher rate of the non-productive oxygenation reaction compared to Mg2+, making them biologically unfavorable in the context of efficient carbon fixation. The concentration of Mg2+ in the chloroplast stroma naturally increases in the light due to ion potential balancing during ATP synthesis, providing a physiological mechanism to ensure the enzyme is activated when photosynthesis is possible. At the center of the porphyrin ring, nestled within its nitrogen atoms, is a Magnesium ion (Mg2+). This magnesium ion is crucial for the function of chlorophyll, and without it, the pigment cannot effectively capture and transfer light energy. Mg acts as a cofactor: Mg2+ binds to Rubisco after an activator CO2 molecule, forming a catalytically competent complex (Enzyme-CO2-Mg2+). High light + CO2) increases demand: Under high light (60 DLI is a very high intensity, potentially saturating) and high CO2, the plant's capacity for photosynthesis is high, and thus the demand for activated Rubisco and the necessary Mg2+ cofactor increases. Mg deficiency becomes limiting: If Mg2+ is deficient under these conditions, the higher levels of Rubisco and Rubisco activase produced cannot be fully activated, leading to lower photosynthetic rates and potential photo-oxidative damage. Optimal range: Studies show that adequate Mg2+ application can enhance Rubisco activation and stabilize net photosynthetic rates under stress conditions, but the required concentration is specific to the experimental setup. Monitoring is key: The most effective approach in a controlled environment is to monitor the plant's physiological responses e.g., leaf Mg2+ concentration, photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activation state, and adjust the nutrient solution/fertilizer to maintain adequate levels, rather than supplementing a fixed "extra" amount. In practice, this means ensuring that Mg2+ is not a limiting factor in the plant's standard nutrient solution when pushing the limits with high light and CO2. Applying Mg2+ through foliar spray is beneficial to Rubisco regeneration, particularly in alleviating the negative effects of magnesium (Mg) deficiency and high-temperature stress (HTS). While Mg can be leached from soil, within the plant it is considered a mobile nutrient, particularly in the phloem. Foliar-applied Mg is quickly absorbed by the leaves and can be translocate to other plant parts, including new growth and sink organs. Foliar application of: NATURES VERY OWN MgSO4 @ 15.0g L-1 in a spray bottle. Foliar sprays are often recommended as a rapid rescue measure for existing deficiencies or as a supplement during critical growth stages, when demand for Mg is high. Application in the early morning or late evening can improve absorption and prevent leaf burn. The starting point [of creativity] is curiosity: pondering why the default exists in the first place. We’re driven to question defaults when we experience vuja de, the opposite of déjà vu. Déjà vu occurs when we encounter something new, but it feels as if we’ve seen it before. Vuja de is the reverse—we face something familiar, but we see it with a fresh perspective that enables us to gain new insights into old problems.
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@StarLorr
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Welcome to my Strawberry Pie diary.🍓🥧 In this Diary: Seeds: [420 Fast Buds]from my growmie Tropicannibis_Todd 👊🏻😎 Media: Pro~Mix HP Open Top Grow Bag, Connect. Nutrients: Green Planet Nutrients, 2 Part Dual Fuel starter kit. RealGrowers: Recharge. Diablo nutrients: Ripping. Feeding : Tue 26Mar: 2L Nutes/Recharge pH'd 6.5 Fri 29Mar: 2L Monster K pH'd 6.5 ___________________________ The buds are ripping smelly good😋 Trichomes are white and the amber should be at my satisfaction by next weekend, sorry for the quality of the trichomes video... i know it looks like the same cameraman who captured UFO🛸on a pogo stick... will try harder next time😅😂............ i can see the finish line🏁👀1 more lap😎 ___________________________ Thanks for stopping by, likes and comments are appreciated.👊🏻😎 Keep on growin! Keep on tokin!!! 😙💨💨💨💨💨
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Week two had some challenges, weather started getting cold, night temperature reaching 17- not good- decided to stress them out with one day of 24 hours of light to adjust the 4 hours night time to be during the day to maintain good temperature thru out the day.. Transplant done into 11 L pot, fed them with plagron grow 2 ml and 1ml power roots and 2 ml vita Race spay on leafs. I will do the same every 5 days from now on. Will top one and Lst the other one without topping just for comparison.
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🌸 Week 3 Flower – Growing Strong, Tall, and Vibrant! 🌱 Hey Grow Fam! It’s already Week 3 in flower, and I’m thrilled to bring you this update because these plants are doing phenomenally well! Some are stretching up so tall that I might have to get creative in the coming weeks! Fruit production is well underway, and it’s absolutely amazing to watch the canopy fill out as these girls reach their potential. Aptus Holland Pack Unboxing & New Additions This week kicked off with a big arrival: the Aptus Holland nutrient pack! 🙌 I couldn’t wait to share the unboxing with you all; there’s a video up where I go through all the goodies, so check it out if you haven’t yet! Between the photos and videos, you’ll be able to see just how well these nutrients are already feeding these green beauties. Having a blast sharing more content lately—I’m in the zone with editing and creating, so get ready for even more shares! 🌡️ Environmental Control and Fine-Tuning the Reservoir pH Temps this week have been holding around 27.2°C with RH at 65.2% and CO2 at 800 ppm, creating a VPD of 1.26 for ideal flower development. The lighting intensity is at 833 PPFD, and the solution in the reservoir is fine-tuned to a pH of 6.22, EC of 475, with a temp of 21.8°C. Let’s talk pH in the reservoir: it’s a dynamic process, and I’m constantly adjusting it to keep everything at the right level. The pH tends to rise throughout the week, and each day, I work it back down, fine-tuning it to keep those plants happy and balanced. Managing pH is truly a hands-on job, and it’s worth every moment. I love staying on top of it for optimal nutrient uptake—it’s all about consistent effort and keeping that perfect range dialed in. Leaf Maintenance & Selective Defoliation These leaves are HUGE and gorgeous, creating a lush canopy that’s nearly too perfect! I’ve been taking a few leaves here and there, focusing on leaves that may be blocking light from reaching lower parts of the plant. Selective defoliation at this stage is key because it opens up airflow and allows light to penetrate deep, boosting energy distribution across the whole plant. Big, healthy leaves mean we’re getting excellent photosynthesis, but a gentle, strategic defoliation can guide that energy toward those developing buds. Leaf removal is all about balance, giving the plant space to breathe and thrive while still maximizing growth in flower! 🌐 TrolMaster + App – Real-Time Precision Huge shoutout to the TrolMaster system and the app—keeping everything in sync and at peak performance is honestly effortless with this ecosystem. The app provides a full overview of each environmental parameter, allowing me to make real-time adjustments as needed and track trends over time. The precision here is unbeatable, giving me complete control over temps, humidity, CO2, and VPD, ensuring my girls are in a controlled paradise 24/7. What I love most is how the app records everything automatically, so I always know exactly where things stand without having to keep separate records. If you haven’t tried TrolMaster yet, it’s a total game-changer for any grow setup! 💥 Shoutouts & Gratitude Massive shoutout to TrolMaster and Aptus Holland for powering this grow with tech and nutrition that’s second to none. And, of course, gratitude to Pro-Mix for the superb growing medium and to the seed banks behind the genetics. We’re running strong thanks to each of you. And to the whole community—thank you, everyone, from new friends to seasoned followers, lovers to haters. Your energy, whatever form it comes in, is all part of this journey, and I’m so grateful for it all. Special shoutout this week to my brother Daggadna—head over to IG and give him a follow! And if you’re loving the journey, remember to like, comment, and subscribe—it really helps the channel grow and reach others who may also dig this content! Discount Codes so you can save big on your next check out 💚💚💚 Kannabia - DOGDOCTOR 30% off SeedsmanSeeds - DOGDOCTOR 10% off CannaKan- DOGDOCTOR 15% off terpyz.eu - DOCTOR 15% off The Neutralizer - PORKIT5-DOG 15% off As always thank you all for stopping by, for the love and for it all , this journey of mine wold just not be the same without you guys, the love and support is very much appreciated and i fell honored and so joyful with you all in my life 🙏
 With true love comes happiness 💚🙏 Always believe in your self and always do things expecting nothing and with an open heart , be a giver and the universe will give back to you in ways you could not even imagine so 💚 Friendly reminder all you see here is pure research and for educational purposes only Growers Love to you all 💚💚💚
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@AsNoriu
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Day 29. Best from all but very sensitive to nitrogen, pot is still full and as she takes over all of it , she constantly have few overdose issues. Very responsive to leaf tucking , stem twisting, forms nice canopy, will be biggest producer no doubts in this run. Will try to bend main stem with some LST in few days. Mars TS1000 - Light is solid and does job. For last week output is on max . Still rotate a lot, but am happy with development. I miss more good wind inside, but i live in shared house ;)))))))))))) even really silent air system is still loud on desired speeds ... Hope next week ill send her to flower. Will top up with Worm Castings and Mycorrhizae during training in few days, when girls will be watered next time. Rhythm is good, every 3 days pots are light. 1.5 liters to each went straight in after photo shoot. Day 31. Applied BioBizz Leaf Coat when lights went off. Loads of training was made today too. Day 33. Now girls are trained daily. Top shoot twisting, leaf tucking, rotation around axis , changing positions inside of tent and so on. Always wash hands before any training, it is a must. Still havent made mind, scrog or lst ... Think tomorrow will be watering day and i have to decide which way to go , i am fliping them at next watering 100%, otherwise again rush to harvest before late spring holidays ... Happy Growing !!!
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These lady’s still in veg. I see the hairs forming slowly on both, it’s almost week 7 so I’ll call it week 7 flower. Doesn’t seem to have any problems she just keeps growing.
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Que pasa familia, vamos con la cosecha de estas Rainbow Melon de FastBuds, las flores son bien compactas y van repletas de resina, son muy pegajosas, tienen tonos verde oscuros bien bonitos, y tiene unos aromas dulces y tropicales bastante marcados. Es una cepa normal de cultivar, es de ciclo de 2 meses y medio y bien agradecida, tiene buenos satélites. Hasta aquí todo, Buenos humos 💨💨💨
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Started to fertilize them. 8 Weeks of vegetation with topping and Lst, than flowering.
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TROPICANA COOKIES FF / FASTBUDS WEEK #17 OVERALL WEEK #9 FLOWER This week all is well no issues this week she's looking good buds are dense and covered in trichomes she smells sweet. Stay Growing!! Thank you for stopping by and taking a look it's much appreciated!! Thank you FASTBUDS!! TROPICANA COOKIES FF/ FASTBUDS
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@QixxGrows
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Switched to flowering. She grew 10cm in 3 days... absolutely crazy. I took the tough decision to discontinue the TimeLapse. My tent is not big enough to have the camera in a place that kinda makes sense. So I'll be taking manual photos in the coming days and uploading those.
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@strefik
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those green pistils tells me she can go long here
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She is doing her thing ... smell is very sweet , supper strong at, day, dusk, night, and morning ... always !!! I have had Neighbors say" I can smell it" . ( ironlungs).. And I can smell it myself .. she is looking great... pics are not downloading , I got a few to load .. Watered with tap water ( garden hose ) ... I will water in the morning again .. it's going to be hot at the end of the week .... I was hoping for a low to come (low pressure = cooler temps ) ..I need some cooler temps.. but I have no control ..buds are starting to fatten up...and getting heavy ... I inserted wood dowels to hold some colas from leaning on the sides of the cage ...I will get more ... all things considered she is very happy .... but she is on a mission.. to look beautiful .... This grow happened by accident.. It was not planned.. It has surpassed any of my expectation's .. I have to say " this plant is a beauty " She is just a little clone .. born 3/15/2017 Video music from Mendo Dope 👏👏👏
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Day 93 01/10/24 Tuesday De-chlorinated tap water pH 6 only today. Day 95 03/10/24 Thursday De-chlorinated tap water pH 6 only today. Day 96 04/10/24 Friday De-chlorinated tap water pH 6 only today. Picture and video update 😎 Day 98 06/10/24 Sunday (End of week) De-chlorinated tap water with Plagron PK13-14 to just help with nutrients.
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Je lui donne 2 litres d’eau par jour
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This girl was a fast finisher harvested on day 46 of flower, nearly 7 full weeks.
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Growing nicely, I'm hopeful she will be colorful later on in her life. She will be going outside, I have wind blowing to strengthen the stems up to prepare for mother nature.