Green light is radiation with wavelengths between 520 and 560 nm and it affects photosynthesis, plant height, and flowering. Plants reflect green light and this is why they appear green to our eyes. As a result, some growers think that plants don’t use green wavelengths, but they actually do! In fact, only around 5 – 10% of green light is reflected from leaves and the rest (90 – 95 %) is absorbed or transmitted to lower leaves [1]. Green wavelengths get used in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll pigments absorb small amounts of green wavelengths. Light that doesn’t get absorbed is transmitted to leaves that are shaded out from direct light. This means that leaves at the bottom of the canopy get more green light than leaves at the top. A high proportion of green wavelengths compared to other colors tells lower leaves that they are being shaded out, so they are able to react accordingly. Lower leaves may react by opening or closing their stomata or growing longer stems that help the leaves reach brighter light [1, 2, 3]. When it comes to growing cannabis, many cultivators are interested in the quality of light used for the flowering stage. In many plants, flowering is regulated by two main photoreceptors: cryptochrome and phytochrome. Both photoreceptors primarily respond to blue light but can also respond to green, although to a lesser extent. Green can accelerate the start of flowering in several species (although cannabis has yet to be tested) [1, 4, 5]. However, once flowering has begun, it’s important to provide plants with a “full spectrum” light that has high amounts of blue and red light, and moderate amounts of green, in order for photosynthesis to be optimized. Green light mediates seed germination in some species. Seeds use green wavelengths to decide whether the environment is good for germination. Shade environments are enriched in green relative to red and blue light, so a plant can tell if it is shady or sunny. A seed that senses a shaded environment may stay dormant to avoid poor growing conditions [1]. Some examples of plant species where researchers have documented this response are: ryegrass (a grass that grows in tufts) and Chondrilla (a plant related to dandelion) [1, 6]. Although green wavelengths generally tell plants NOT to germinate, there are some exceptions! Surprisingly, green wavelengths can stimulate seed germination in some species like Aeschynomene, Tephrosia, Solidago, Cyrtopodium, and Atriplex [1, 6, 7]. Of course, light is not the only factor affecting seed germination – it’s a combination of many factors, such as soil moisture, soil type, temperature, photoperiod, and light quality. When combined with red and blue light, green can really enhance plant growth [1, 8]. However, too much green light (more than 50% of the total light) can actually reduce plant growth [8]. Based on the most current research, the ideal ratio of green, red, and blue light is thought to be around 1:2:1 for green:blue:red [9]. When choosing a horticultural light, choose one that has high amounts of blue and red light and moderate amounts of green and other colors of light. Not many studies can be found about the effect of green light on cannabis growth or metabolism. However, if one reads carefully, there are clues and data available even from the very early papers. Mahlberg and Hemphill (1983) used colored filters in their study to alter the sunlight spectrum and study green light among others. They concluded that the green filter, which makes the environment green by cutting other wavelengths out, reduced the THC concentration significantly compared to the daylight control treatment. It has been demonstrated that green color can reduce secondary metabolite activity with other species as well. For example, the addition of green to a light spectrum decreases anthocyanin concentration in lettuce (Zhang and Folta 2012). If green light only reverses the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites, then why put green light into a growth spectrum at all? Well, there are a couple of good reasons. One is that green penetrates leaf layers effectively. Conversely red and blue light is almost completely absorbed by the first leaf layer. Green travels through the first, second, and even third layers effectively (Figure 2). Lower leaf layers can utilize green light in photosynthesis and therefore produce yields as well. Even though a green light-specific photoreceptor has not yet been found, it is known that green light has effects independent from the cryptochrome but then again, also cryptochrome-dependent ones, just like blue light. It is known that green light in low light intensity conditions can enhance far red stimulating secondary metabolite production in microgreens and then again, counteracts the production of these compounds in high-intensity light conditions (Kim et al. 2004). In many cases, green light promoted physiological changes in plants that are opposite to the actions of blue light. In the study by Kim et al. blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation was inhibited by green light. In another study it has been found that blue light promotes stomatal opening whereas green light promotes stomatal closure (Frechilla et al. 2000). Blue light inhibits the early stem elongation in the seedling stage whereas green light promotes it (Folta 2004). Also, blue light results in flowering induction, and green light inhibits it (Banerjee et al., 2007). As you can see, green light works very closely with blue light, and therefore not only the amount of these two wavelengths separately is important but also the ratio (Blue: Green) between these two in the designed spectrum. Furthermore, green light has been found to affect the elongation of petioles and upward leaf reorientation with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana both of which are a sign of shade avoidance symptoms (Zhang et al. 2011) and also gene expression in the same plant (Dhingra et al. 2006). As mentioned before, green light produces shade avoidance symptoms which are quite intuitive if you consider the natural conditions where the plants grow. Not all the green light is reflected from the highest canopy leaves in nature but a lot of it (50-90%) has been estimated to penetrate the upper leaves at the plant level ((Terashima et al., 2009; Nishio, 2000). For the plant growing in the understory of the forest green light is a signal for the plant of being in the shade of a bigger plant. Then again, the plants growing under unobstructed sunlight can take advantage of the green photons that can more easily penetrate the upper leaves than the red and blue photons. From the photosynthetic pigments in higher plants, chlorophyll is crucial for plant growth. Dissolved chlorophyll and absorb maximally in the red (λ600–700 nm) and blue (λ400–500 nm) regions of the spectrum and not as easily in the green (λ500–600 nm) regions. Up to 80% of all green light is thought to be transmitted through the chloroplast (Terashima et al., 2009) and this allows more green photons to pass deeper into the leaf mesophyll layer than red and blue photons. When the green light is scattered in the vertical leaf profile its journey is lengthened and therefore photons have a higher chance of hitting and being absorbed by chloroplasts on their passage through the leaf to the lower leaves of the plant. Photons of PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) are captured by chlorophyll causing an excitation of an electron to enter a higher energy state in which the energy is immediately passed on to the neighboring chlorophyll molecule by resonance transfer or released to the electron transport chain (PSII and PSI). Despite the low extinction coefficient of chlorophyll in the green 500–600 nm region it needs to be noted that the absorbance can be significant if the pigment (chlorophyll) concentration in the leaf is high enough. The research available clearly shows that plants use green wavelengths to promote higher biomass and yield (photosynthetic activity), and that it is a crucial signal for long-term developmental and short-term dynamic acclimation (Blue:Green ratio) to the environment. It should not be dismissed but studied more because it brings more opportunities to control plant gene expression and physiology in plant production. REFERENCES Banerjee R., Schleicher E., Meier S. Viana R. M., Pokorny R., Ahmad M., Bittl R., Batschauer. 2007. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, 14916–14922. Dhingra, A., Bies, D. H., Lehner, K. R., and Folta, K. M. 2006. Green light adjusts the plastic transcriptome during early photomorphogenic development. Plant Physiol. 142, 1256-1266. Folta, K. M. 2004. Green light stimulates early stem elongation, antagonizing light-mediated growth inhibition. Plant Physiol. 135, 1407-1416. Frechilla, S., Talbott, L. D., Bogomolmi, R. A., and Zeiger, E. 2000. Reversal of blue light -stimulated stomatal opening by green light. Plant Cell Physiol. 41, 171-176. Kim, H.H., Goins, G. D., Wheeler, R. M., and Sager, J. C. 2004.Green-light supplementation for enhanced lettuce growth under red- and blue-light emitting diodes. HortScience 39, 1617-1622. Nishio, J.N. 2000. Why are higher plants green? Evolution of the higher plant photosynthetic pigment complement. Plant Cell and Environment 23, 539–548. Terashima I., Fujita T., Inoue T., Chow W.S., Oguchi R. 2009. Green light drives leaf photosynthesis more efficiently than red light in strong white light: revisiting the enigmatic question of why leaves are green. Plant & Cell Physiology 50, 684–697. Zhang, T., Maruhnich, S. A., and Folta, K. M. 2011. Green light induces shade avoidance symptoms. Plant Physiol. 157, 1528-156. Wang, Y. & Folta, K. M. Contributions of green light to plant growth and development. Am. J. Bot. 100, 70–78 (2013). Zhang, T. & Folta, K. M. Green light signaling and adaptive response. Plant Signal. Behav. 7, 75–78 (2012). Johkan, M. et al. Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. HortScience 45, 1809–1814 (2010). Kasajima, S., et al. Effect of Light Quality on Developmental Rate of Wheat under Continuous Light at a Constant Temperature. Plant Prod. Sci. 10, 286–291 (2007). Banerjee, R. et al. The signaling state of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 contains flavin semiquinone. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14916–14922 (2007). Goggin, D. E. & Steadman, K. J. Blue and green are frequently seen: responses of seeds to short- and mid-wavelength light. Seed Sci. Res. 22, 27–35 (2012). Mandák, B. & Pyšek, P. The effects of light quality, nitrate concentration and presence of bracteoles on germination of different fruit types in the heterocarpous Atriplex sagittata. J. Ecol. 89, 149–158 (2001). Darko, E. et al. Photosynthesis under artificial light: the shift in primary and secondary metabolism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 369 (2014). Lu, N. et al. Effects of Supplemental Lighting with Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on Tomato Yield and Quality of Single-Truss Tomato Plants Grown at High Planting Density. Environ. Control Biol. 50, 63–74 (2012).

За эту неделю сильно ничего не произошло, кроме как засохли 3 ветки которые надломал еще на середине веги, реанимировал, но не прижились до харва жаль, грамм 15 потерял точно( на этой недели очень много пестиков ещё белых и трихом как то ещё мало

She seems quite short. Not sure what I've done wrong. 😏

I know I missed a few weeks I honestly just forget sometimes😂 but regardless I harvested middle of week 9 of flower, I’m excited to see how she dries I’m not going for weight I want the stem because it looks cool lol but I’m guessing I’ll get around a half OZ

the girl is unstoppable !!!! she keeps trying to escape :) today I'm going on vacation for a week, so she's left alone with the automatic watering :) update will be in a week:).

11/7/23 - Day 1 - OK so big day going on here. It's time to get this little Skunk#1 seed into some lights! (really it's Day 9, but were going to let it sync up to the app) Above are photos of my best attempt at showing how this system works. First thing you want to do is to run the Leaf software and do the startup procedure. Selecting the Start grow button kicks off step by step instructions on the setup process. There is a video of showing the automatic water fill coming from the RO water setup I created. Normally this is setup for hose water from your house. I want to make sure im using RO water for obvious reasons. I will say, when you are done with you grow in this Leaf box make sure you clean it well. Its been a month since i cleaned it and had i not cleaned this it would take you much longer to start your new grow. This is another grow that's starting out smooth! Ill keep you updated as I move along! 11/13/23 - Day 6 - Shes got her 3rd set of leaves just starting to grow. Her roots are not out of the net pot, but i can see them coming out of the rockwool. I would guess another week before the first root hits the water. If you are looking for this growing experience. Visit www.getleaf.co.

Chapter 18: The end. Cannabonsai was really starting to run out of juice, the tips of her larger sugar leaves were starting to show the same likely Ca / P deficiency as her fans, so I knew it was time. Duckfoot probably could've stacked another week or two, but I'm using the tent to dry, and I do prefer effects on the zippier side - so they both got the chop. Since this was mostly an outdoor grow and they had recent issues with caterpillars, I decided to do a bud wash. One look at that water and no regrets. Removed the fan leaves and hung full branches up to dry in the 60% humidity tent, though averaging a little warmer than I'd like at around 70 degrees. After about a week the hay smell dissipated, the smaller buds were moisture testing around 11%, so I bucked the branches into six-inch chunks and then let them sweat in paper bags for a few more days, rotating and airing out every several hours...just like the Grove bags say to do. When each bag stabilized around 62% humidity, I trimmed everything. Final yield dry was 1.7 oz (48g) for Duckfoot, and 1.5 oz (43g) for Cannabonsai, with an additional ounce (31g) of dry trim. I already know I can do better on the next grow. :) Early flower already smokes wonderfully - good taste, no hay, extremely potent, I would be very happy getting this from a dispensary. It's all in Grove bags now, can't wait to see how it cures up.

It’s been a good week. The buds are starting to form. I will be adding an additional light soon to provide more of a red spectrum of light to the tent. I’ve been watering one day neutrients, one day pH water and one day nothing. The plants appear very happy and I’m looking forward to the upcoming weeks!

Last week plants grew very healthy, as they got bushier the humidty raised providing a better enviroment, I could even reduce the amount of water I give them. Planning to move to flowering stage very soon.

Hotovo. Sklizeno. Mám z toho smíšené pocity.

In full flush mode, very very dense buds this time round. Literally like rocks.

Last week of nutrients finished, plant will now be flushed for 2 weeks. Just had a harvest from another seed of this plant and we've decided to call the strain "Monkey Magic", as a few puffs will summon a cloud which whisks you away into the sky! 😀

16 days of slow drying each plant with the environment controlled inside the tent with 2 meters. I have two fans on, pointing at the floor to circulate the air temps - 20 - 23 º humid - 50- 60 %

1/28/24 - Day 83 - Here we are on day 83 and the trichomes are looking good. I bet one week, if not two weeks before I start to flush with water. There are some photos of the Trichomes a couple of weeks ago and then again today. 1/31/24 - Day 86 - The buds are starting to get FAT and grow outward. Tons of new buds coming from the buds. Sounds werid but the buds are growing buds now. The smell is out of this planet strong. Im looking forward to the next couple of weeks!

Welcome to Flower Week 1 of Divine Seeds Auto Fractal I'm excited to share my grow journey with you all as part of the Divine Seeds Autoflowering Competition 2025. It's going to be an incredible ride, full of learning, growing, and connecting with fellow growers from all around the world! For this competition, I’ve chosen the Feminized Automatic strain: Auto Fractal Here’s what I’m working with: • 🌱 Tent: 120x60x80 • 🧑‍🌾 Breeder Company: Divine Seeds • 💧 Humidity Range: 50 • ⏳ Flowering Time: 60 Days • Strain Info: 23%THC • 🌡️ Temperature: 26 • 🍵 Pot Size: 0.5l • Nutrient Brand: Narcos • ⚡ Lights : 200W x 2 A huge thank you to Divine Seeds for allowing me to be a part of this amazing competition and Sponsoring the Strains. Big thanks for supporting the grower community worldwide! Your genetics and passion speak for themselves! I would truly appreciate every bit of feedback, help, questions, or discussions – and of course, your likes and interactions mean the world to me as I try to stand out in this exciting competition! Let’s grow together – and don’t forget to stop by again to see the latest updates! Happy growing! Stay lifted and stay curious! Peace & Buds!

Everything is going good. Some are showing some sort of deficiency . Lowered lights a little bit. Going to start watering every other day. One of the critical thunder autos is like 8 inches tall lol definitely breeding her.

ULH1 is finishing its weird flowers, will be harvested in a couple of days because its almost done and i need the pot for the AH2. WOuld let her more time if she had normal flowers... ULH2 is putting some weight in the flowers this week. AH1 is growing like a real monster. The weather is better than a couple of months ago, so im sure both AH will grow big ^^, feeding her high, she seems to eat a lot . AH2 the lil baby is rooting and waiting for a new final pot.