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Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, a oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chloryphyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photos. Beta-carotene is most prevalent provitamin A carotenoid, commonly found in orange and yellow fruits and such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and mangos. Additional carotenoids include lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, which possess antioxidant and photoprotective properties. In, Vitamin A exists in the form of carotenoids, are pigments responsible for. Vitamin A is classified as a soluble vitamin. Vitamin B plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, serving as a coenzyme in numerous metabolic reactions underpin plant growth and maintenance. It aids in metabolizing essential nutrients for growth and development and enhances their responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Vitamin B supports root development, reducing transplant shock, and promotes shoot growth, particularly in slow-growing plants Vitamin B1, also as thiamine diphosate, is integral to pathways such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Vitamin B3, or nicotinamide/niacin, acts as a biostimulant, improving growth and. Vitamin B6 functions as an antioxidant and cofactor, playing a significant role in plant. Vitamin C, referred to as ascorbic acid is another vital nutrient for plants, aiding in growth and offering protection against excessive light. It serves as a red buffer, crucial for regulating synthesis. Vitamin C assists enzymes involved in photosynthesis, hormone production, and the regeneration of antioxidants. Furthermore, it acts as coenzyme in the xanthophyll cycle, converting energy into heat to protect plants light-induced damage. RAW GROW is a thoroughly tested blend all RAW Soluble plant nutrients essential elements, and supplements as an optimal all base "Grow" horticultural fertilizer. It is utilized throughout the entire vegetative stage. Its composition includes plant protein hydrolysate, mono potassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, cane molasses, sodium borate, copper sulfate, iron DTPA, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate sulfate, and azomite. Additionally, it contains non- food ingredients such as humic acids derived from leonardite and peat, kelp (Ascophyllumosum silicon dioxide derived diatomite, and yucca extract. Seedlings or young plants can be fed with 200-400PpM, teenage plants with maturing root zone can be given 350-550 PPM, and mature plants require 600-1000 PPM. By closely monitoring plant growth and adjusting feeding levels, one can an understanding of the quantity to provide When starting, it is advisable to err on the side of caution and adopt a "less is more" approach. One-thousandth of a gram is one milligram, and 1000 ml is one liter, so 1 ppm = 1 mg per liter = mg/Liter. PPM is derived from the fact that the density of water is taken as 1kg/L = 1,000,000 mg/L, and 1mg/L is 1mg/1,000,000mg or one part in one million. One-thousandth of a gram is one milligram, and 1000 ml is one liter, so 1 ppm = 1 mg per liter = mg/Liter. PPM is derived from the fact that the density of water is taken as 1kg/L = 1,000,000 mg/L, and 1mg/L is 1mg/1,000,000mg or one part in one million.
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Remember that, however you are played, or by whom, your soul is in your keeping alone. Even though those who presume to play you be kings or men of power, when you stand before God, you cannot say, 'But I was told by others to do thus,' or that virtue was not convenient at the time. This will not suffice. Remember that. Day:18 84°F and 65% RH (VPD) for the vegetative stage. Approximately 1.15kPa(assuming leaf temperature is about 2°F cooler than the air), which falls right into the ideal vegetative sweet spot (0.8kPa to 1.2kPa). At 1.15kPa, plants can draw water and nutrients efficiently without risking stress or wilting. It keeps the leaf pores (stomata) open, allowing for ideal carbon dioxide intake and maximizing vegetative growth. VPD is determined by the leaf's temperature, not just the ambient air. Because leaves usually run 1° to 3°F cooler than room air under bright grow lights, my actual VPD will be slightly lower, closer to the 1.0kPa mark. As she transitions from vegetative growth to flowering, one can gradually lower the humidity (to around 45–60%) and drop temperatures slightly to prevent disease from settling inside dense buds when they appear. Night:6 At 70°F and 60% relative humidity, Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is 0.86 kPa. This is right on the cusp of whats optimal for the vegetative stage. During the nighttime, plants generally close their stomata and undergo cellular respiration rather than photosynthesis. Transpiration slows to a near stop, making VPD less critical at night than during the day. However, maintaining a nighttime VPD between 0.8 and 1.0 kPa is highly beneficial in that it ensures the air is dry enough to prevent powdery mildew or bud rot, but moist enough to keep the plant from undergoing unnecessary stress. This range keeps the environment comfortable for cellular processes and prevents large atmospheric swings. Keeping it all flowing. (Not pushing them yet, these are photoperiods) The optimal soil (root zone) temperature for cellular root respiration and nutrient uptake in cannabis is between 68F & 72F This narrow range balances biological energy production (cellular respiration) with the dissolved oxygen levels in the soil, maximizing plant growth and health. Warmer soils hold significantly less dissolved oxygen. When soil temperature exceeds 74F oxygen depletion occurs, inhibiting cellular respiration almost entirely, At 68-72F root cells generate optimal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via respiration to power root-tip elongation and the active transport of water and nutrients. Too Hot (Above 78F) Root respiration increases, demanding more oxygen, while the water's oxygen-carrying capacity drops. This creates a prime environment for anaerobic pathogens and Pythium (root rot). Too Cold (Below 60F) Root metabolism and cellular respiration slow to a crawl. This severely impairs nutrient and water absorption, leading to yellowing, wilting, and phosphorus deficiencies. A lot depends on whether it's automatic or photoperiod; with photoperiod, there is not as much of a need to push "hard" as the real countdown only begins once the flower is initiated. Automatics, on the other hand, the chronological "clock" begins ticking the moment the seed germinates. It is of critical importance that the seedling growth gets off to the races, understanding that early growth is like compound interest, which will pay off come harvest. This reality is why getting autoflowers "off to the races" early on yields such exponential benefits. The "compound interest" is directly related to the surface area of the leaves. Larger, faster-growing seedlings process more light and build bigger root networks early on, which translates into an explosion of vertical and lateral growth during their short vegetative window. The margins for error are so thin with autoflowers; this early-stage momentum depends on several critical practices. Seedlings exposed to increased atmospheric CO2 levels early in life will develop at an increased rate. To effectively "extend" or optimize the capacity of Photosystem II (PSII) for increased photosynthetic efficiency. In standard oxygenic photosynthesis, Photosystem II (PSII) is naturally limited to the red-light spectrum, peaking at 680nm. Extending its light-harvesting capacity past 700nm into the far-red region requires bypassing the natural limits of standard chlorophyll a. Adding 730 nm (far-red) LEDs alongside standard red/blue lights has been shown to increase canopy photosynthesis by 20–30% in several crops by acting synergistically with shorter wavelengths. However, the limitation is that excessive, pure IR/Far-red light (without accompanying red light) can trigger the "shade avoidance response," causing plants to grow tall, weak, and spindly rather than robust. Utilizing infrared light (specifically the 700-750 nm far-red range) is a viable method to boost photosynthetic efficiency. It acts as a bridge to allow PSII to utilize a broader spectrum of light, breaking the traditional 700 nm barrier. UVR8-mediated signaling (often in conjunction with CRY proteins) triggers protective mechanisms that maintain the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus (including LHCII and reaction center proteins), thus ensuring that the efficiency of Photosystem II remains higher in UV-B-exposed plants compared to plants lacking this receptor. ΦPSII indictates the rate of electron transfer from water to plastoquinone, which drives the production of ATP and NADPH. There is a close link between ΦPSII and the true rate of CO2 fixation (Φ*co2). ETR stands for Electron Transport Rate. It measures the speed at which electrons are moved through the thylakoid membranes in a plant's chloroplasts during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Infrared light (particularly Near-Infrared or NIR) improves cellular energy by interacting directly with the electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria. This process boosts adenosine triphosphate production, which acts as a metabolic coefficient multiplier by accelerating enzyme activity dramatically. Extend then multiply. Far-Red photons interact with plant photoreceptors to accelerate the plant’s biological "clock" or trigger a shade-avoidance response. Autoflowers don't use the plant's biological clock, although the IR will initiate a shade avoidance and make them stretchy. You can just add equal measures of 660nm-680nm to negate the shade avoidance effect. Replacing nights' "darkness" with a combination of IR+ and 660nm. Because autoflowers don't require a dark period to flower, many growers just blast them with light. 18/6 24/0. However, this ignores the plant's metabolic rhythms, where daytime photosynthesis (light reactions) must be perfectly balanced with nighttime carbon fixation and assimilation (Calvin cycle) to avoid bottlenecking plant development. Cellular respiration is a 24/7 process, but it can only function while the plant has the free oxidative capacity to do so. A 100% photosynthetically active leaf cannot perform cellular respiration. The viral trend of defoliation of every leaf that isn't "getting enough light" is of great detriment overall, putting 100% of the cellular respiratory "workload" and responsibility on the 0/4/6 hours of darkness in sub-optimal conditions for enzymatic activity. Photosynthesis captures nearly 100% of the initial energy as carbon, while cellular respiration is the process that unlocks 90% of that captured energy into usable ATP so the plant can use it. Respiration is considered only roughly 30% to 40% efficient. It captures enough of the potential energy in glucose to synthesize around 30 to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. The remaining 60% to 70% of the energy in the sugar is not captured in ATP; instead, it naturally escapes into the environment as heat, which helps regulate plant temperature. In plants, the primary enzymes of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and the ATP synthase complexes are typically adapted to function optimally in warmer temperatures (roughly 77°F to 95°F, depending on the specific plant strain). As temperatures rise within this physiological range, molecular collisions increase, speeding up respiration and ATP production. The cannabis plant has a branched respiratory pathway. During heat or cold stress, plants activate Alternative Oxidase (AOX). AOX burns sugars to dissipate energy as heat rather than coupling it to ATP production. This pathway actually functions optimally at elevated temperatures to help protect the cell from the damaging build-up of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) during heat stress. Enzyme activity generally scales with heat; there is a strict biological limit. If canopy temperatures in a grow room exceed 104°F, the enzymes and their supporting lipid membranes lose stability. Not saying you need to go crazy, just optimize nights the same as we optimize days. Phosphorus is the driving force behind early seedling development. It acts as the "energy hub" of the plant, directly driving cell division, robust root growth, and the creation of DNA. Without an adequate, easily accessible supply early on, the plant's overall growth potential and final yield can suffer permanently.
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For LIQUIDS & NUTES ******GREEN BUZZ NUTRIENTS***** organic. Also i’m using their LIVING SOIL CULTURE in powder form! MARSHYDRO ⛺️ has large openings on the sides which is useful for mid section groom room work. 🤩 ☀️ MARSHYDRO FC 3000 LED 300W 💨MARSHYDRO 6” in-line EXTRACTOR with speed-variation knob, comes complete with ducting and carbon filter.
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@SgtDoofy
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Mar 5 Watered fully for the first time last Friday. The plant is feeling light again today, Tuesday, so I'm going to water less than a gallon. I'm starting to LST to try and keep an even canopy. Looking good so far.
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Info: Unfortunately, I had to find out that my account is used for fake pages in social media. I am only active here on growdiaries. I am not on facebook instagram twitter etc All accounts except this one are fake. Flowering day 68 since the time change to 12/12 h. Hi everyone :-) . We arrived last week :-). The trichomes are 70% milky, 20% amber and 10% clear. The nutrients have been used up and the lady is allowed to stay a few days before she comes into the darkroom for 48 hours before the harvest. Of course there is an extra update for this :-). Otherwise the week was poured 3 times with 1.2 l. The tent was cleaned and all women checked. Have fun with the update and see you next time. stay healthy 🙏🏻 You can buy this Strain at : https://www.amsterdamgenetics.com/product/kosher-tangie-kush/ Type: Kosher Tangie Kush ☝️🏼 Genetics: Kosher Kush X Tangie 👍 Vega lamp: 2 x Todogrow Led Quantum Board 100 W 💡 Bloom Lamp : 2 x Todogrow Led Cxb 3590 COB 3500 K 205W 💡💡☝️🏼 Soil : Canna Coco Professional + ☝️🏼 Fertilizer: Green House Powder Feeding ☝️🏼🌱 Water: Osmosis water mixed with normal water (24 hours stale that the chlorine evaporates) to 0.2 EC. Add Cal / Mag to 0.4 Ec Ph with Organic Ph - to 5.5 - 5.8 .
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And the time for flowers as arrived and here is the first week , she did amazing and is moving quite fast actually,started my flower feedings extra boosters since she as her NPK base mixed with the soil but now wen in flower i like to puches up the game a bit. In this first week i start the top and the P boosters , next will had a K booster to the mix , stopped my root booster since now i want her focus on fruit production, whatever roots she has i am happy with them as they are <3 <3 <3 Gave her a small defoliation and took some clones to preserve genetics, one never know if she is a keeper or not, i know that for the looks she is for sure but in the end what matter is the medicine it self so lets see all i know now is that she is gorgeous and i am in a complicity love with her . PPFD numbers with her growing are raisin up and have them ate the moment going with an averaged of 700 µMol/m2/S but as they grow i imagine t is will keep going up and should stop at about 1000/1200 µMol/m2/S, my CO2 Levels are always the same and going about 900Ppms and wen i am in the room it goes up to 1500ppmsand more lol and this is it, for this week this is what happen , provably will defoliate her around day 21 or so but that will be a full defoliation and not just some clones and leafs <3 <3 <3 For now wishing you all a great Spannabis, i was not hable to came this year but i am sure it will be amazing for you all <3 <3 <3 As always thank you all for stopping by , for the love and for it all, i fell blessed to have you all with me for one more love journey, and a different one form the rest i did so far <3 <3 <3 Thank you Thank you Thank you , you guys are great and have been amazing , thank you for everything <3<3<3 #aptus #aptusplanttech #aptusgang #aptusfamily #aptustrueplantscience #inbalancewithnature #trueplantscience #dogdoctorofficial #growerslove
 With true love comes happiness , Always believe in your self and always do things expecting nothing and with an open heart , be a giver and the universe will give back to you in ways you could not even imagine so <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 Growers love to you all <3 <3 <3
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@k0nz1
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This week all Ladies are getting extra pk13/14. Buds are getting bigger and more dense every day. The smell in the tent is absolutely insane. Fruity, sweet spicey. The LO are full of trichomes. The BBP a lil bit less snowy but also VERY terpy. BBP with a little autumn fade in the leaves. RJ ist the smallest and needs a little extra time i think. Lights 90% RH 50-60% Temp 20-26 Celsius In the second tent the RJ and SH are developing also very Well. A few weeks to Go. Just letting them grow for now.
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@squalino
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🌿 Journal de Culture : Mac 1 Autoflower – "Bee Happy" 🐝 (Semaine 9) ​On avance dans la phase lourde de la floraison. "Bee Happy" se concentre désormais à 100% sur la production de résine et le gonflement de ses fleurs. Sa structure finale est posée, place au spectacle. Paramètres de Culture & Climat Taille : Stable à 91 cm. Sa croissance verticale est définitivement stoppée. Elle reste un peu moins haute que sa sœur, mais elle compense largement par un développement de branches secondaires beaucoup plus massif et étalé. ​Gestion de l'espace : C'est le point critique du moment. Les deux plantes dans la même tente, vu l'envergure de "Bee Happy", me posent de gros problèmes d'espace. C'est une vraie jungle là-dedans ! Climat et environnement : Toujours calé sur les valeurs précédentes : lampe à 40 cm de la canopée, températures à 24°C jour / 21°C nuit, et le déshumidificateur maintient l'humidité à 60%. Nutrition & Diagnostic en cours Régime du jour : J'ai redonné une bonne dose de PK, mais un peu plus concentrée en eau cette fois : 5 ml de Liquid PK 5-8 Biotabs dans 75 cl d'eau, toujours calé à un pH de 6,3. Suivi des feuilles : J'ai toujours quelques légères brûlures sur certaines feuilles. Deux options : soit le PK commence à taper fort (léger sur-engraissage), soit c'est le contre-coup du pH mal géré à cause du bulleur la semaine dernière. Le nouvel apport d'aujourd'hui va me servir de test : si les taches s'élargissent, je lèverai le pied sur le PK. Si ça stagne, c'est que le problème est résolu grâce au nouveau pH Down de Plagron. Analyse des Buds ​La plante est tout simplement magnifique. Le fameux "frosti" (le givre de trichomes) s'est accéléré de manière incroyable. Les têtes, les petites feuilles et même les tiges proches des fleurs commencent à être recouvertes d'un manteau blanc et collant qui brille sous la lampe. ​Les bourgeons s'épaississent et se densifient. Les pistils restent majoritairement blancs et pointent vers le haut, signe que les fleurs ont encore du potentiel de gonflement sous le coude. Les calices commencent à gonfler un à un autour des tiges secondaires, formant des structures compactes. Malgré les petites pointes brûlées sous surveillance, la masse foliaire générale reste d'un vert profond très flatteur. L'odeur fruitée et lourde de la Mac 1 s'intensifie de jour en jour au moindre contact. ​Un grand merci à @mia_biotabs, à Mrs_Larimar ainsi qu'à vous tous pour la force ! On entre dans la période où les têtes prennent du poids chaque nuit. On surveille le comportement des feuilles et on se retrouve la semaine prochaine pour la suite du gonflement !
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@Diips
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d.79. done alittle lst in order to get some of the colas away from the hot zone.. gotta be creative when it all grows too close to the light 😅. big lady she is and really smelly nice!. also
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@Ferenc
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Day 72, 21st of November 2020: This genetics is fantastic and mad respect to Original Sensible Seeds.... Beautiful big, strechy plant. Very nice great creation. She stopped streching finally so no need to worry anymore lol... she is mad! Buds are on the way THC crystals started sitting on the leaves hahaha Fertilization is the same every 2nd day with the mix and the ratio above.... All LST has been removed as the plant remains the same so no need to keep her in "chains". The lamp is on 11.30 min and off 12.30 min. Last week was 15 min longer light cycle.... So every week 15 min shorter light cycle until the 5th week. So far -30 min. It switches on at 6 am and off at 17.30 pm.:
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Plant A (left side) started pushing through the medium first after 48 hours. Plant B germinated successfully at 96hrs but due to cold climate and moisture in the seed the seed got too cold and turned to mush. At 96hrs Plant A had reached 1.25" and had started to spread the first set of leaves. It is now approximately 2" tall and the first fan leaves are about 1/3" long. Growth is steady and effortless for this girl. So far the self watering set up, grow light, and medium have been treating plant A great. After 60hrs she became fully exposed. Plant B germinated as stated before and died, Plant C was planted 5 days into the germination week of Plant A. No pre-soak, just dry seeds dropped directly into the medium. Miracle Grow myth has so far been proven wrong (performance organics, not regular potting soil). In addition to the set up, I found a water bottle diffuser I have on a 6hr rotation (6 on and 6 off) that I found for $9USD at a grocery outlet. Humidity now steady at 31% on the gauge and about 65% Relative Humidity. Temps sit steady around 68-71°F. Shooting for 360g or 180g from each plant utilizing LST. We are seeing if organic miracle grow has enough nutes for an autoflower, with 3 months of nutrients as stated from the bag it should end up timing out perfectly for harvest time with no flushing needed as nutrients will already be used up.
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Die Wurzel hat Platz bekommen & die Pflanze ist gewachsen. Große Blätter weiterhin. Bisher ein Blüte Ansatz sichtbar. Weiterhin alle 2 - 3 mal innerhalb von 7 Tagen gedüngt mit BioBizz Grow. Milliliter angepasst. Compression Sprayer wird benutzt für klares Wasser.
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⚡️⚡️⚡️🍄🍄🍄🍄⚡️⚡️⚡️
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Hey, 2 weeks late but almost ending flowering stage, they gave good buds and they growed very nice despiste de stretching I had, I had to put some rope so the branches didn’t fall to the side, it’s going well, a nice smell and very sticky buds.
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@Marrocko
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Buenas cultivadores esta semana crecieron bastante su aspecto es bastante bueno buen color e las veo con mucha fuerza, continuó el calor sin poder hacer gran cosa hasta el fin de mes que pueda comprar un ventilador ou algo para evitar las temperaturas altas tube unos días gracias al calor las hojas apuntaban hacia arriba con la sierra un poquito enrollada pero bueno no sé quanto daño les pude haber hecho aparentan buena salud y fuerza... Soy novato y busco cada día comprender y mejorar espero que ustedes me digan vuestra opinión. Gracias ✌️🏼peace smoke a joint and fly 😎