This week was a bit chaotic due to the transplant of the seedlings, setting up a new tent, and the CalMag deficiency in the "big" ones. 🌿 But I managed to get it all under control. 💪🌱

ANTHOCYANIN production is primarily controlled by the Cryptochrome (CR1) Photoreceptor ( !! UV and Blue Spectrums are primary drivers in the production of the pigment that replaces chlorophyll, isn't that awesome! 1. Diverse photoreceptors in plants Many civilizations, including the sun god of ancient Egypt, thought that the blessings of sunlight were the source of life. In fact, the survival of all life, including humans, is supported by the photosynthesis of plants that capture solar energy. Plants that perform photosynthesis have no means of transportation except for some algae. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor various changes in the external environment and respond appropriately to the place to survive. Among various environmental information, light is especially important information for plants that perform photosynthesis. In the process of evolution, plants acquired phytochrome, which mainly receives light in the red light region, and multiple blue light receptors, including his hytropin and phototropin, in order to sense the light environment. .. In addition to these, an ultraviolet light receptor named UVR8 was recently discovered. The latest image of the molecular structure and function of these various plant photoreceptors (Fig. 1), focusing on phytochrome and phototropin. Figure 1 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, and UVR8. The dashed line represents each bioactive absorption spectrum. 2. Phytochrome; red-far red photoreversible molecular switch What is phytochrome? Phytochrome is a photochromic photoreceptor, and has two absorption types, a red light absorption type Pr (absorption maximum wavelength of about 665 nm) and a far-red light absorption type Pfr (730 nm). Reversible light conversion between the two by red light and far-red light, respectively(Fig. 1A, solid line and broken line). In general, Pfr is the active form that causes a physiological response. With some exceptions, phytochrome can be said to function as a photoreversible molecular switch. The background of the discovery is as follows. There are some types of plants that require light for germination (light seed germination). From that study, it was found that germination was induced by red light, the effect was inhibited by subsequent far-red light irradiation, and this could be repeated, and the existence of photoreceptors that reversibly photoconvert was predicted. In 1959, its existence was confirmed by the absorption spectrum measurement of the yellow sprout tissue, and it was named phytochrome. Why does the plant have a sensor to distinguish between such red light and far-red light? There is no big difference between the red and far-red light regions in the open-field spectrum of sunlight, but the proportion of red light is greatly reduced due to the absorption of chloroplasts in the shade of plants. Similar changes in light quality occur in the evening sunlight. Plants perceive this difference in light quality as the ratio of Pr and Pfr, recognize the light environment, and respond to it. Subsequent studies have revealed that it is responsible for various photomorphogenic reactions such as photoperiodic flowering induction, shade repellent, and deyellowing (greening). Furthermore, with the introduction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and the development of molecular biological analysis methods, research has progressed dramatically, and his five types of phytochromes (phyA-E) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana. all right. With the progress of the genome project, Fi’s tochrome-like photoreceptors were found in cyanobacteria, a photosynthetic prokaryotes other than plants. Furthermore, in non-photosynthetic bacteria, a homologue molecule called bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and radiation-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Dr). Domain structure of phytochrome molecule Phytochrome molecule can be roughly divided into N-terminal side and C-terminal side region. PAS (Per / Arndt / Sim: blue), GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase / adenylyl cyclase / FhlA: green), PHY (phyto-chrome: purple) 3 in the N-terminal region of plant phytochrome (Fig. 2A) There are two domains and an N-terminal extension region (NTE: dark blue), and phytochromobilin (PΦB), which is one of the ring-opening tetrapyrroles, is thioether-bonded to the system stored in GAF as a chromophore. ing. PAS is a domain involved in the interaction between signal transduction-related proteins, and PHY is a phytochrome-specific domain. There are two PASs and her histidine kinase-related (HKR) domain (red) in the C-terminal region, but the histidine essential for kinase activity is not conserved. 3. Phototropin; photosynthetic efficiency optimized blue light receptor What is phototropin? Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution, wrote in his book “The power of move-ment in plants” published in 1882 that plants bend toward blue light. Approximately 100 years later, the protein nph1 (nonphoto-tropic hypocotyl 1) encoded by one of the causative genes of Arabidopsis mutants causing phototropic abnormalities was identified as a blue photoreceptor. Later, another isotype npl1 was found and renamed phototropin 1 (phot1) and 2 (phot2), respectively. In addition to phototropism, phototropin is damaged by chloroplast photolocalization (chloroplasts move through the epidermal cells of the leaves and gather on the cell surface under appropriate light intensity for photosynthesis. As a photoreceptor for reactions such as escaping to the side of cells under dangerous strong light) and stomata (reactions that open stomata to optimize the uptake of carbon dioxide, which is the rate-determining process of photosynthetic reactions). It became clear that it worked. In this way, phototropin can be said to be a blue light receptor responsible for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Domain structure and LOV photoreaction of phototropin molecule Phototropin molecule has two photoreceptive domains (LOV1 and LOV2) called LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage sensing) on the N-terminal side, and serine / on the C-terminal side. It is a protein kinase that forms threonine kinase (STK) (Fig. 4Aa) and whose activity is regulated by light. LOV is one molecule as a chromophore, he binds FMN (flavin mononucleotide) non-covalently. The LOV forms an α/βfold, and the FMN is located on a β-sheet consisting of five antiparallel β-strands (Fig. 4B). The FMN in the ground state LOV shows the absorption spectrum of a typical oxidized flavin protein with a triplet oscillation structure and an absorption maximum wavelength of 450 nm, and is called D450 (Fig. 1C and Fig. 4E). After being excited to the singlet excited state by blue light, the FMN shifts to the triplet excited state (L660t *) due to intersystem crossing, and then the C4 (Fig. 4C) of the isoaroxazine ring of the FMN is conserved in the vicinity. It forms a transient accretionary prism with the tain (red part in Fig. 4B Eα) (S390I). When this cysteine is replaced with alanine (C / A substitution), the addition reaction does not occur. The effect of adduct formation propagates to the protein moiety, causing kinase activation (S390II). After that, the formed cysteine-flavin adduct spontaneously dissociates and returns to the original D450 (Fig. 4E, dark regression reaction). Phototropin kinase activity control mechanism by LOV2 Why does phototropin have two LOVs? Atphot1 was found as a protein that is rapidly autophosphorylated when irradiated with blue light. The effect of the above C / A substitution on this self-phosphorylation reaction and phototropism was investigated, and LOV2 is the main photomolecular switch in both self-phosphorylation and phototropism. It turns out that it functions as. After that, from experiments using artificial substrates, STK has a constitutive activity, LOV2 functions as an inhibitory domain of this activity, and the inhibition is eliminated by photoreaction, while LOV1 is kinase light. It was shown to modify the photosensitivity of the activation reaction. In addition to this, LOV1 was found to act as a dimerization site from the crystal structure and his SAXS. What kind of molecular mechanism does LOV2 use to photoregulate kinase activity? The following two modules play important roles in this intramolecular signal transduction. Figure 4 (A) Domain structure of LOV photoreceptors. a: Phototropin b: Neochrome c: FKF1 family protein d: Aureochrome (B) Crystal structure of auto barley phot1 LOV2. (C) Structure of FMN isoaroxazine ring. (D) Schematic diagram of the functional domain and module of Arabidopsis thaliana phot1. L, A’α, and Jα represent linker, A’α helix, and Jα helix, respectively. (E) LOV photoreaction. (F) Molecular structure model (mesh) of the LOV2-STK sample (black line) containing A’α of phot2 obtained based on SAXS under dark (top) and under bright (bottom). The yellow, red, and green space-filled models represent the crystal structures of LOV2-Jα, protein kinase A N-lobe, and C-robe, respectively, and black represents FMN. See the text for details. 1) Jα. LOV2 C of oat phot1-to α immediately after the terminus Rix (Jα) is present (Fig. 4D), which interacts with the β-sheet (Fig. 4B) that forms the FMN-bound scaffold of LOV2 in the dark, but unfolds and dissociates from the β-sheet with photoreaction. It was shown by NMR that it does. According to the crystal structure of LOV2-Jα, this Jα is located on the back surface of the β sheet and mainly has a hydrophobic interaction. The formation of S390II causes twisting of the isoaroxazine ring and protonation of N5 (Fig. 4C). As a result, the glutamine side chain present on his Iβ strand (Fig. 4B) in the β-sheet rotates to form a hydrogen bond with this protonated N5. Jα interacts with this his Iβ strand, and these changes are thought to cause the unfold-ing of Jα and dissociation from the β-sheet described above. Experiments such as amino acid substitution of Iβ strands revealed that kinases exhibit constitutive activity when this interaction is eliminated, and that Jα plays an important role in photoactivation of kinases. 2) A’α / Aβ gap. Recently, several results have been reported showing the involvement of amino acids near the A’α helix (Fig. 4D) located upstream of the N-terminal of LOV2 in kinase photoactivation. Therefore, he investigated the role of this A’α and its neighboring amino acids in kinase photoactivation, photoreaction, and Jα structural change for Atphot1. The LOV2-STK polypeptide (Fig. 4D, underlined in black) was used as a photocontrollable kinase for kinase activity analysis. As a result, it was found that the photoactivation of the kinase was abolished when amino acid substitution was introduced into the A’α / Aβ gap between A’α and Aβ of the LOV2 core. Interestingly, he had no effect on the structural changes in Jα examined on the peptide map due to the photoreaction of LOV2 or trypsin degradation. Therefore, the A’α / Aβ gap is considered to play an important role in intramolecular signal transduction after Jα. Structural changes detected by SAXS Structural changes of Jα have been detected by various biophysical methods other than NMR, but structural information on samples including up to STK is reported only by his results to his SAXS. Not. The SAXS measurement of the Atphot2 LOV2-STK polypeptide showed that the radius of inertia increased from 32.4 Å to 34.8 Å, and the molecular model (Fig. 4F) obtained by the ab initio modeling software GASBOR is that of LOV2 and STK. It was shown that the N lobes and C lobes lined up in tandem, and the relative position of LOV2 with respect to STK shifted by about 13 Å under light irradiation. The difference in the molecular model between the two is considered to reflect the structural changes that occur in the Jα and A’α / Aβ gaps mentioned above. Two phototropins with different photosensitivity In the phototropic reaction of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis responds to a very wide range of light intensities from 10–4 to 102 μmol photon / sec / m2. At that time, phot1 functions as an optical sensor in a wide range from low light to strong light, while phot2 reacts with light stronger than 1 μmol photon / sec / m2. What is the origin of these differences? As is well known, animal photoreceptors have a high photosensitivity due to the abundance of rhodopsin and the presence of biochemical amplification mechanisms. The exact abundance of phot1 and phot2 in vivo is unknown, but interesting results have been obtained in terms of amplification. The light intensity dependence of the photoactivation of the LOV2-STK polypeptide used in the above kinase analysis was investigated. It was found that phot1 was about 10 times more photosensitive than phot2. On the other hand, when the photochemical reactions of both were examined, it was found that the rate of the dark return reaction of phot1 was about 10 times slower than that of phot2. This result indicates that the longer the lifetime of S390II, which is in the kinase-activated state, the higher the photosensitivity of kinase activation. This correlation was further confirmed by extending the lifespan of her S390II with amino acid substitutions. This alone cannot explain the widespread differences in photosensitivity between phot1 and phot2, but it may explain some of them. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate in detail protein modifications such as phosphorylation and the effects of phot interacting factors on photosensitivity. Other LOV photoreceptors Among fern plants and green algae, phytochrome ɾphotosensory module (PSM) on the N-terminal side and chimera photoreceptor with full-length phototropin on the C-terminal side, neochrome (Fig. There are types with 4Ab). It has been reported that some neochromes play a role in chloroplast photolocalization as a red light receiver. It is considered that fern plants have such a chimera photoreceptor in order to survive in a habitat such as undergrowth in a jungle where only red light reaches. In addition to this, plants have only one LOV domain, and three proteins involved in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-related proteins, FKF1 (Flavin-binding, Kelch repeat, F-box 1, ZTL (ZEITLUPE)), LKP2 ( There are LOV Kelch Protein2) (Fig. 4Ac) and aureochrome (Fig. 4Ad), which has a bZip domain on the N-terminal side of LOV and functions as a gene transcription factor. 4. Cryptochrome and UVR8 Cryptochrome is one of the blue photoreceptors and forms a superfamily with the DNA photoreceptor photolyase. It has FAD (flavin adenine dinucle-otide) as a chromophore and tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a condensing pigment. The ground state of FAD is considered to be the oxidized type, and the radical type (broken line in Fig. 1B) generated by blue light irradiation is considered to be the signaling state. The radical type also absorbs in the green to orange light region, and may widen the wavelength region of the plant morphogenesis reaction spectrum. Cryptochrome uses blue light to control physiological functions similar to phytochrome. It was identified as a photoreceptor from one of the causative genes of UVR8 Arabidopsis thaliana, and the chromophore is absorbed in the UVB region by a Trp triad consisting of three tryptophans (Fig. 1D). It is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins that function as UV scavengers in plants. Conclusion It is thought that plants have acquired various photoreceptors necessary for their survival during a long evolutionary process. The photoreceptors that cover the existing far-red light to UVB mentioned here are considered to be some of them. More and more diverse photoreceptor genes are conserved in cyanobacteria and marine plankton. By examining these, it is thought that the understanding of plant photoreceptors will be further deepened.

~July 5th-July 11~ 🌡️Temp: 🌞78-84 , 🌚74-80 💨Humidity: 🌞80-95%, 🌚70-90% 💡Lights: 🌞18h/6h🌚, 22’ from 🌱, PPFD approx-275 🌬️Airflow: 2 small oscillating fans and a 200cfm inline fan+carbon filter First set of pics from day 10, second from 14 ~Day 8~ Plants growing good. 2nd largest leaves were curled and figured I overwatered so I’ll leave them for a few days until soil is dry. The sprout I found trapped under soil is now replanted so there is 5 sprouts from the 10 random seeds. The only feminized seeds has been planted as well. ~Day 9~ Everything is growing great! The 2 smallest sprouts from the original 4 are showing signs of weird leaf growth but that’s to be expected with random seeds. The 2 larger ones are doing good but ones leaves are still curled. New sprout is doing great with first true leaves coming in. Fem seed hasn’t sprouted yet. ~Day 10~ Everything is looking great today. The new sprout is growing good and I have high hopes for the not yet sprouted fem seed. The 2 larger sprouts are still growing and 1s leaves are still curling but the soil is still moist so I’m waiting in the hopes I just overwatered. The 2 smaller sprouted still have weird leaves coming in. ~Day 11~ The fem seed still hasn’t spotted but the other plants look good, the new sprout is healthy and growing while the 2 larger sprouts are still growing but drooping a bit. Other sprout still is growing weird leaves but looks healthy. The burnt tips stem looks very weak and almost constricted and I have hope for it but I think it’s out of my control. This was to be expected with random seeds.. ~Day 12~ Unfortunately the sprout with burnt tips died and with further inspection it seems the seed lining suffocated the stem as it grew and it eventually died when it couldn’t get water and nutrients from its tiny stem. Other plants are doing good, slight leaf drooping still by the 2 largest plants which happen to be in the smallest pots so I really think they got overwatered and will bounce back because growth still looks healthy. Had to put larger downs on the 2 big sprouts because they were getting too big for their last bottle dome. Humidifier is also working great and keeping the tent RH about 75-85%. ~Day 13~ Plants look good I really hope the drooping stops with the 2 larger plants but they still look healthy, the weird mutated growth continues but it is growing more normal leaves now. The new sprout is doing good and the seed still hasn’t quite popped up but I can see it’s top through the soil. Took the domes off the larger sprouts now that the RH is constant and introduced them to the oscillating fans to promote healthy stems and help circulate air to promote growth and hopefully help dry the soil out a bit faster so they don’t get root rot. ~Day 14~ Plants are looking good, although under further inspection the newest seed didn’t make it which was the only feminized one of the bunch, not sure exactly what happened but it never was able to make it through the soil. The 3 other plants are showing slight signs of a deficiency or overwater as shown in the pictures so I’m definitely still waiting to water but going to start nutes next feed when they are better. Adjusted the lights to make sure the 4 remaining plants are all ok. The smallest sprout is also doing great.

The two Water Egg strains have not developed and are stunted and deformed. I dropped the seeds before germination in the carpet. I found them but they must have picked up some bacteria or something. they are the only two that are weird and slow. I pulled them. I'm thier place went Speedrun Seeds Final Boss F2 and Terprantula Autoflowers Midnight Comet. Sowed directly in pots. Midnight Comet is in Gia Green amended coco cori and perlite 5 gallon fabric. Final Boss will be in Autopot 5 gallon fabric fed with the others.

I accidently snapped the main stem at the base during the first week of flower essentially super cropping her. Electrical tape and lint roller tape on the inside was used to hold the main stem up straight. she healed very well and then took off into a monster. I would have liked to take her further but she could not support her own weight and used that as a sign she was ready. At that point I had already been using electrical tape to hold the the steams together for the previous 2 weeks. Would be interesting to see how this strain would grow in my bigger 20 and 30 gal fabric pots as I struggled to keep up with organic dry amendments, especially calcium and magnesium, almost every watering calmag and lime dust was used for the last month of the grow. Currently harvesting 2 other think different strains and have been preparing 3 smaller pots for either some RQS Titans or a competition strain if I receive something in the post in the next 2/3 weeks. I have been growing for 5 years now from Chronic Nerve pain and I did not get past the flowering stage in my first grow, necessity is the mother of all drivers and if you want good bud, don't stop trying.

Se cambian de hogar las nenas, a un espacio mas grande de 170cm x 70cm aprox. Le aumento la potencia de luz a 320w. Se ven hermosas y los riegos se hacen mas frecuentes.

Zusammenschnitt letzte Runde Ernte

Will Update after cure and weight check

MIMOSA by ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS Week #22 Overall Week #5 Flower This week everything going good she got a sweet smell to her that's amazing her bud are starting to get thicker. Overall she's doing 👍 good this week!! Stay Growing!! ROYAL QUEEN SEEDS MIMOSA

En estas semana se agrego un pk para se terminen de engordar esas flores que estan llenas de tricomas , con un aroma muy fuerte y flores muy bonitas

Dejo dos VIDEOS del primer mes en las dos carpas!!! Desfrán Auto se ve que no le gusta el ferti, por las hojas dobladas hacia arriba. Solamente las automáticas parece... Cada vez que las riego las hojas se ponen en forma de garra como estresada, asi que voy a utilizar agua solamente. Por cierto el agua que utilizo es agua purificada sin cloro y metales pesados. Ahora me prestaron un medidor de Ph que empiezo a utilizarlo en el segundo mes. También compraré un termohigrometro y voy añadir un ventilador extra. Las demás Red Dragon, Amnesia Lemon #1 y #2, Bubba's Gift y Desfrán Fotoperiódica estoy aplicando Aptus Pro y se ve que les encanta. Le hice poda apical a la Defrán Foto y quiero intentar hacer un Main Lining, porque crecen muy rápido. La voy a tratar de dejar lo más bajo posible. La Bubba's ya va creciendo más, pero en versión "mini". A ver qué onda como les va el segundo mes de vege. La idea es vegetarlas hasta que las Desfrán Auto (3) estén listas para cosechar que supuestamente son 14/15 semanas. Así que tienen tiempo para crecer las demás, sobretodo las Bubba's #1 y #2

Hey Cannafam, Its been a mixed week here in the UK, the first half was consistant 20c and nice sunny weather but the past few days have been a bit chilly for her down to 16c cloudy, some rain and windy. At the beginning of the week i transplanted into a gallon fabric pot with 2/3 plagron royal mix and 1/3 canna coco, throughout the mix ive used dynomyco and some also in the transplanting hole. Around the pot is copper tape and on the surface wool pelletts, both of these are meant to deter slugs/snails who are the main UK plant enemy and hopefully this will be enough! Although i was really careful when transplanting the soil very quickly crumbled away and i was a bit rough with her by accident. I was worried abput transplant shock but she seems to be ok 🤞 Ive also moved her to her final home which is the disused drained pond that i use every year, the recess keeps them out of sight and it gets the sun for most of the day. Overall she looks happy and the next couple of leaf stages are gettin ready to shoot out 😊 Thats all from me this week, thanks for stopping by 😊✌️

Higher temps/humidity this time round have caused flowers to be a little less frosty not much though

She's fat, healthy and about ready to be chopped :) She will start flushing at the end of this week

Strain #2 is purple !!

Day 57: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1588 ppm, 3380 us/cm, 3.3 EC (purple punch, strawberry banana, wedding Cheesecake) 1690 ppm, 3595 us/cm, 3.5 EC (gorilla cookies) 2 different feedings for the 10 plants Day 60: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1563 ppm, 3325 us/cm, 3.3 EC Day 62: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1726 ppm, 3712 us/cm, 3.7 EC (purple punch, strawberry banana, wedding Cheesecake)(I gave them more than usual, by mistake) 1528 ppm, 3525 us/cm, 3.5 EC (gorilla cookies) 2 different feedings for the 10 plants Day 63: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1563 ppm, 3325us/cm, 3.3 EC (purple punch, strawberry banana, wedding Cheesecake) 1523 ppm, 3301 us/cm, 3.3 EC (gorilla cookies) 2 different feedings for the 10 plants Day 65: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1518 ppm, 3210 us/cm, 3.2 EC (purple punch, strawberry banana, wedding Cheesecake) 1359 ppm, 2891 us/cm, 2.9 EC (gorilla cookies) 2 different feedings for the 10 plants Next feeding I will start to flush some plants, 1st week with flawless finish, 2nd week clean water, 10x the pot, 150L each Day 67: Watered each plant with 1L with nuts 1379 ppm, 2908 us/cm, 2.9 EC (1 purple punch, wedding Cheesecake) 1250 ppm, 2687 us/cm, 2.7 EC (gorilla cookies) 285 ppm, 606 us/cm 0.6 EC (3 strawberry banana and 2 purple punch) (2L each) 3 different feedings for the 10 plants Started to flush all the strawberry banana and 2 purple punch with flawless finisher. (1st week flawless finisher, 2L each, 2nd week clear water, 150L)