Week 6

Blueberry Muffin Week2 F14. After switching to 12/12 , they are still stretching and have already 2x in size. The plants smell strong already. Feeding 3x a week. 2x with grow,bloom,topmax and 1x with calmag and Alg a mic.

This girl is a beast. She's nice and wide and has really enjoyed being trained. She has tons of potential tops. Going to start nutrients again and aim to flip her to flower in a weeks time.

These lights are a bit hot so I’m gonna upgrade to my Luxx 645s for the rest of this run.

ANTHOCYANIN production is primarily controlled by the Cryptochrome (CR1) Photoreceptor ( !! UV and Blue Spectrums are primary drivers in the production of the pigment that replaces chlorophyll, isn't that awesome! 1. Diverse photoreceptors in plants Many civilizations, including the sun god of ancient Egypt, thought that the blessings of sunlight were the source of life. In fact, the survival of all life, including humans, is supported by the photosynthesis of plants that capture solar energy. Plants that perform photosynthesis have no means of transportation except for some algae. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor various changes in the external environment and respond appropriately to the place to survive. Among various environmental information, light is especially important information for plants that perform photosynthesis. In the process of evolution, plants acquired phytochrome, which mainly receives light in the red light region, and multiple blue light receptors, including his hytropin and phototropin, in order to sense the light environment. .. In addition to these, an ultraviolet light receptor named UVR8 was recently discovered. The latest image of the molecular structure and function of these various plant photoreceptors (Fig. 1), focusing on phytochrome and phototropin. Figure 1 Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin, and UVR8. The dashed line represents each bioactive absorption spectrum. 2. Phytochrome; red-far red photoreversible molecular switch What is phytochrome? Phytochrome is a photochromic photoreceptor, and has two absorption types, a red light absorption type Pr (absorption maximum wavelength of about 665 nm) and a far-red light absorption type Pfr (730 nm). Reversible light conversion between the two by red light and far-red light, respectively(Fig. 1A, solid line and broken line). In general, Pfr is the active form that causes a physiological response. With some exceptions, phytochrome can be said to function as a photoreversible molecular switch. The background of the discovery is as follows. There are some types of plants that require light for germination (light seed germination). From that study, it was found that germination was induced by red light, the effect was inhibited by subsequent far-red light irradiation, and this could be repeated, and the existence of photoreceptors that reversibly photoconvert was predicted. In 1959, its existence was confirmed by the absorption spectrum measurement of the yellow sprout tissue, and it was named phytochrome. Why does the plant have a sensor to distinguish between such red light and far-red light? There is no big difference between the red and far-red light regions in the open-field spectrum of sunlight, but the proportion of red light is greatly reduced due to the absorption of chloroplasts in the shade of plants. Similar changes in light quality occur in the evening sunlight. Plants perceive this difference in light quality as the ratio of Pr and Pfr, recognize the light environment, and respond to it. Subsequent studies have revealed that it is responsible for various photomorphogenic reactions such as photoperiodic flowering induction, shade repellent, and deyellowing (greening). Furthermore, with the introduction of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At) and the development of molecular biological analysis methods, research has progressed dramatically, and his five types of phytochromes (phyA-E) are present in Arabidopsis thaliana. all right. With the progress of the genome project, Fi’s tochrome-like photoreceptors were found in cyanobacteria, a photosynthetic prokaryotes other than plants. Furthermore, in non-photosynthetic bacteria, a homologue molecule called bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor (BphP) was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and radiation-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Dr). Domain structure of phytochrome molecule Phytochrome molecule can be roughly divided into N-terminal side and C-terminal side region. PAS (Per / Arndt / Sim: blue), GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase / adenylyl cyclase / FhlA: green), PHY (phyto-chrome: purple) 3 in the N-terminal region of plant phytochrome (Fig. 2A) There are two domains and an N-terminal extension region (NTE: dark blue), and phytochromobilin (PΦB), which is one of the ring-opening tetrapyrroles, is thioether-bonded to the system stored in GAF as a chromophore. ing. PAS is a domain involved in the interaction between signal transduction-related proteins, and PHY is a phytochrome-specific domain. There are two PASs and her histidine kinase-related (HKR) domain (red) in the C-terminal region, but the histidine essential for kinase activity is not conserved. 3. Phototropin; photosynthetic efficiency optimized blue light receptor What is phototropin? Charles Darwin, who is famous for his theory of evolution, wrote in his book “The power of move-ment in plants” published in 1882 that plants bend toward blue light. Approximately 100 years later, the protein nph1 (nonphoto-tropic hypocotyl 1) encoded by one of the causative genes of Arabidopsis mutants causing phototropic abnormalities was identified as a blue photoreceptor. Later, another isotype npl1 was found and renamed phototropin 1 (phot1) and 2 (phot2), respectively. In addition to phototropism, phototropin is damaged by chloroplast photolocalization (chloroplasts move through the epidermal cells of the leaves and gather on the cell surface under appropriate light intensity for photosynthesis. As a photoreceptor for reactions such as escaping to the side of cells under dangerous strong light) and stomata (reactions that open stomata to optimize the uptake of carbon dioxide, which is the rate-determining process of photosynthetic reactions). It became clear that it worked. In this way, phototropin can be said to be a blue light receptor responsible for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. Domain structure and LOV photoreaction of phototropin molecule Phototropin molecule has two photoreceptive domains (LOV1 and LOV2) called LOV (Light-Oxygen-Voltage sensing) on the N-terminal side, and serine / on the C-terminal side. It is a protein kinase that forms threonine kinase (STK) (Fig. 4Aa) and whose activity is regulated by light. LOV is one molecule as a chromophore, he binds FMN (flavin mononucleotide) non-covalently. The LOV forms an α/βfold, and the FMN is located on a β-sheet consisting of five antiparallel β-strands (Fig. 4B). The FMN in the ground state LOV shows the absorption spectrum of a typical oxidized flavin protein with a triplet oscillation structure and an absorption maximum wavelength of 450 nm, and is called D450 (Fig. 1C and Fig. 4E). After being excited to the singlet excited state by blue light, the FMN shifts to the triplet excited state (L660t *) due to intersystem crossing, and then the C4 (Fig. 4C) of the isoaroxazine ring of the FMN is conserved in the vicinity. It forms a transient accretionary prism with the tain (red part in Fig. 4B Eα) (S390I). When this cysteine is replaced with alanine (C / A substitution), the addition reaction does not occur. The effect of adduct formation propagates to the protein moiety, causing kinase activation (S390II). After that, the formed cysteine-flavin adduct spontaneously dissociates and returns to the original D450 (Fig. 4E, dark regression reaction). Phototropin kinase activity control mechanism by LOV2 Why does phototropin have two LOVs? Atphot1 was found as a protein that is rapidly autophosphorylated when irradiated with blue light. The effect of the above C / A substitution on this self-phosphorylation reaction and phototropism was investigated, and LOV2 is the main photomolecular switch in both self-phosphorylation and phototropism. It turns out that it functions as. After that, from experiments using artificial substrates, STK has a constitutive activity, LOV2 functions as an inhibitory domain of this activity, and the inhibition is eliminated by photoreaction, while LOV1 is kinase light. It was shown to modify the photosensitivity of the activation reaction. In addition to this, LOV1 was found to act as a dimerization site from the crystal structure and his SAXS. What kind of molecular mechanism does LOV2 use to photoregulate kinase activity? The following two modules play important roles in this intramolecular signal transduction. Figure 4 (A) Domain structure of LOV photoreceptors. a: Phototropin b: Neochrome c: FKF1 family protein d: Aureochrome (B) Crystal structure of auto barley phot1 LOV2. (C) Structure of FMN isoaroxazine ring. (D) Schematic diagram of the functional domain and module of Arabidopsis thaliana phot1. L, A’α, and Jα represent linker, A’α helix, and Jα helix, respectively. (E) LOV photoreaction. (F) Molecular structure model (mesh) of the LOV2-STK sample (black line) containing A’α of phot2 obtained based on SAXS under dark (top) and under bright (bottom). The yellow, red, and green space-filled models represent the crystal structures of LOV2-Jα, protein kinase A N-lobe, and C-robe, respectively, and black represents FMN. See the text for details. 1) Jα. LOV2 C of oat phot1-to α immediately after the terminus Rix (Jα) is present (Fig. 4D), which interacts with the β-sheet (Fig. 4B) that forms the FMN-bound scaffold of LOV2 in the dark, but unfolds and dissociates from the β-sheet with photoreaction. It was shown by NMR that it does. According to the crystal structure of LOV2-Jα, this Jα is located on the back surface of the β sheet and mainly has a hydrophobic interaction. The formation of S390II causes twisting of the isoaroxazine ring and protonation of N5 (Fig. 4C). As a result, the glutamine side chain present on his Iβ strand (Fig. 4B) in the β-sheet rotates to form a hydrogen bond with this protonated N5. Jα interacts with this his Iβ strand, and these changes are thought to cause the unfold-ing of Jα and dissociation from the β-sheet described above. Experiments such as amino acid substitution of Iβ strands revealed that kinases exhibit constitutive activity when this interaction is eliminated, and that Jα plays an important role in photoactivation of kinases. 2) A’α / Aβ gap. Recently, several results have been reported showing the involvement of amino acids near the A’α helix (Fig. 4D) located upstream of the N-terminal of LOV2 in kinase photoactivation. Therefore, he investigated the role of this A’α and its neighboring amino acids in kinase photoactivation, photoreaction, and Jα structural change for Atphot1. The LOV2-STK polypeptide (Fig. 4D, underlined in black) was used as a photocontrollable kinase for kinase activity analysis. As a result, it was found that the photoactivation of the kinase was abolished when amino acid substitution was introduced into the A’α / Aβ gap between A’α and Aβ of the LOV2 core. Interestingly, he had no effect on the structural changes in Jα examined on the peptide map due to the photoreaction of LOV2 or trypsin degradation. Therefore, the A’α / Aβ gap is considered to play an important role in intramolecular signal transduction after Jα. Structural changes detected by SAXS Structural changes of Jα have been detected by various biophysical methods other than NMR, but structural information on samples including up to STK is reported only by his results to his SAXS. Not. The SAXS measurement of the Atphot2 LOV2-STK polypeptide showed that the radius of inertia increased from 32.4 Å to 34.8 Å, and the molecular model (Fig. 4F) obtained by the ab initio modeling software GASBOR is that of LOV2 and STK. It was shown that the N lobes and C lobes lined up in tandem, and the relative position of LOV2 with respect to STK shifted by about 13 Å under light irradiation. The difference in the molecular model between the two is considered to reflect the structural changes that occur in the Jα and A’α / Aβ gaps mentioned above. Two phototropins with different photosensitivity In the phototropic reaction of Arabidopsis Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis responds to a very wide range of light intensities from 10–4 to 102 μmol photon / sec / m2. At that time, phot1 functions as an optical sensor in a wide range from low light to strong light, while phot2 reacts with light stronger than 1 μmol photon / sec / m2. What is the origin of these differences? As is well known, animal photoreceptors have a high photosensitivity due to the abundance of rhodopsin and the presence of biochemical amplification mechanisms. The exact abundance of phot1 and phot2 in vivo is unknown, but interesting results have been obtained in terms of amplification. The light intensity dependence of the photoactivation of the LOV2-STK polypeptide used in the above kinase analysis was investigated. It was found that phot1 was about 10 times more photosensitive than phot2. On the other hand, when the photochemical reactions of both were examined, it was found that the rate of the dark return reaction of phot1 was about 10 times slower than that of phot2. This result indicates that the longer the lifetime of S390II, which is in the kinase-activated state, the higher the photosensitivity of kinase activation. This correlation was further confirmed by extending the lifespan of her S390II with amino acid substitutions. This alone cannot explain the widespread differences in photosensitivity between phot1 and phot2, but it may explain some of them. Furthermore, it is necessary to investigate in detail protein modifications such as phosphorylation and the effects of phot interacting factors on photosensitivity. Other LOV photoreceptors Among fern plants and green algae, phytochrome ɾphotosensory module (PSM) on the N-terminal side and chimera photoreceptor with full-length phototropin on the C-terminal side, neochrome (Fig. There are types with 4Ab). It has been reported that some neochromes play a role in chloroplast photolocalization as a red light receiver. It is considered that fern plants have such a chimera photoreceptor in order to survive in a habitat such as undergrowth in a jungle where only red light reaches. In addition to this, plants have only one LOV domain, and three proteins involved in the degradation of photomorphogenesis-related proteins, FKF1 (Flavin-binding, Kelch repeat, F-box 1, ZTL (ZEITLUPE)), LKP2 ( There are LOV Kelch Protein2) (Fig. 4Ac) and aureochrome (Fig. 4Ad), which has a bZip domain on the N-terminal side of LOV and functions as a gene transcription factor. 4. Cryptochrome and UVR8 Cryptochrome is one of the blue photoreceptors and forms a superfamily with the DNA photoreceptor photolyase. It has FAD (flavin adenine dinucle-otide) as a chromophore and tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a condensing pigment. The ground state of FAD is considered to be the oxidized type, and the radical type (broken line in Fig. 1B) generated by blue light irradiation is considered to be the signaling state. The radical type also absorbs in the green to orange light region, and may widen the wavelength region of the plant morphogenesis reaction spectrum. Cryptochrome uses blue light to control physiological functions similar to phytochrome. It was identified as a photoreceptor from one of the causative genes of UVR8 Arabidopsis thaliana, and the chromophore is absorbed in the UVB region by a Trp triad consisting of three tryptophans (Fig. 1D). It is involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins that function as UV scavengers in plants. Conclusion It is thought that plants have acquired various photoreceptors necessary for their survival during a long evolutionary process. The photoreceptors that cover the existing far-red light to UVB mentioned here are considered to be some of them. More and more diverse photoreceptor genes are conserved in cyanobacteria and marine plankton. By examining these, it is thought that the understanding of plant photoreceptors will be further deepened.

Aunque dejaron de crecer a lo bestia como lo hicieron en preflora, 25-30 primeros dias a 12/12h. han seguido creciendo hasta ahora y esta semana me tocó volver a calzarlas todas para que estubieran a una misma altura. Esta semana viene bién cargadita de nutrientes con tres riegos , dos o tres dias entre uno y otro, según veo o creo que lo necesitan. Seguiré regando mitad mitad, agua de grifo / destilada . El primer riego de la semana 3 ml/L de top Candy y un pelin de ácido cítrico para bajar el PH. EC 1,03 , PH 7,00 El segundo riego con Bud y Bloom, 1,5ml/L y 3ml/L respectivamente más ácido cítrico para bajar PH. EC 1,30, PH 6,9 El tercero con Delta9 y callMag. 4ml/L. y 0,5ml/L respectivamente más ácido cítrico para baja PH. última poda de hojas abanico, 2 o 4 de cada y poda de yemas para que no compitan con los apicales que reciben luz. También me tocó fijar mejor los troncos con alhambre de jardineria para que estos no se doblen por el peso y pierdan por aquí algo de energia. No tengo claro si fuí capaz de disminuir el exceso de nutrientes por lo que durante toda esta semana y hasta final de flforación se mantiene una EC baja. mezclando mitad agua del grifo mitad destilada y así consigo mantener esa EC . El haber regado en crecimiento y principio de flora con un agua tan dura y alcalina hizo que las plantas muestren el aspecto que muestran

She looks as healthy as her sister,she's happy,no issues at all,and starting to show the first pistils on August 24th.let's see how this wonderful strain performs. 😊💚🌱

we continue the run with the slowing down of the stretch and the beginning of the beautiful flowers. This week my EC indicated me some things... It was at 1.8 and went up to 1.9, so I added water to lower the ec to 1.6. When my ec goes back up it tells me that I have enough nutrients in my solution. Now, the ph is back to 1.7, I will add more water to bring it down to 1.5. We can observe on some leaf tips a beginning of over-fattening, this is what I'm talking about above, I'll let you know next week if I lower the ec or if I keep 1.5. I did one last defoliation and it was needed! If you look at my vitals, it's not crazy, 70% humidity at this time of the year can become problematic, so I'm going to take the dehumidifier out and set myself at 55%.

The journey for this lady is over! She is huge and gorgeous, the buds seem rocks just by touching them!

Candyman is now 99 days old! Day 49 of flower and they are looking unbelievably beautiful and smelling crazy strong. I am aiming to do one more feed and then a 7-10 day flush if they are all ready anyway. I really am gutted i couldn't take cuts of pheno 3 😭 all in all I'm super happy with this run. Update: day 53 of flower and they just look unbelievable 😍 nearly time for a 7-10 day flush. I've now lowered the light intensity for the final weeks

*Started directly in Fox Farms Happy Frog, small peat pots * All sprouted within 4 days * Light on at 100%( doesn't dim) *Inline fan and small fan inside tent, no carbon filter * Still just watering with spray bottle * Smallest is half an inch, tallest is 2 inches * Tent currently at 72° and 44% rh

Flush week

The 6 plants came out of the ground 😎 Even if the seeds were quite the same after germination, there is a significant difference between the plants growth. I will wait until the transplant in the final pot, but I already have a good idea about the 3 final candidates 😏 I've decided to increase the light power during the week because the plants bear the light intensity. Plants heights at the end of the week : ------------------------------------------- Blackberry Cake 1 : 1,5cm Blackberry Cake 2 : 4,5cm Jack Herer 1 : 9,5cm Jack Herer 2 : 9cm Cashew Kush 1 : 10cm Cashew Kush 2 : 1,5cm

Harvested.

Prodotti Silicato di Potassio (ml) Nitrato di Calcio (g) Solfato di Magnesio (g) Nitrato di Potassio (g) Fosfato Mon opotassico (g) Solfato di Potassio (g) Kelamix(g) * Pepton Plus (g) * estratto di Alghe (g) * Cellulasi (g) * Pectinasi (g) * Chitosano 2,5% (ml) * EC Target (mS/cm) *1.2 pH Target *5.8

Hi zusammen, Habe die Woche mal eine große Entlaubungsaktion (hoffentlich die letzte) gestartet. Die Pflanzen sehen soweit gesund aus, #2 hängt allerdings von der Höhe etwas hinterher… seis drum - es haben sich sehr viele Blütenstände entwickelt und bin insgesamt mit der Anzahl schon sehr zufrieden, das Zelt lässt sich gut füllen. Hab j4f ein paar Stecklinge geschnitten von jeder Pflanze - weiß noch nicht, was ich genau damit mache, Aber dachte zum wegwerfen sind sie zu schade :) Da #1 im Gegensatz zu den anderen höher gewachsen ist, hielt ich einen scrog für eine gute Idee. Wünsche euch noch eine schöne Woche und grüße Wulle

Hallo liebe Gartenfreunde, Ein aufregendes Tagebuch geht fast Glücklich zu Ende. Alle eigen erwarteten Ziele wurden zwar nicht vollständig erreicht, Strainbedingt werden wir aber nicht noch mehr Energie dort hineingeben egal in welcher Form. Die Buds sind zwar schön fest und ansehnlich groß (hier bei Höchstleistung 400 Watt) aber insgesamt nicht ganz unser. Die Buds sehen fast identisch aus wie bei der crop Mutter aus dem letztenJahr. Die unterschiedliche Anbaumethode lässt jedoch keine genauen Schlüsse zu, was das vergleichen betrifft. Das Autopot System hatte jedoch zu anfang Probleme mit der Kappilare, wahrscheinlich daher da der Pott erst verspätet in das Autopot System kam und auch etwas zu trocken war. Sie sind ja vom Balkon draußen, in den innenbereich gezogen. Ja ansonsten haben wir sie schön über 7 Tage gespült und über Kopf aufgehangen. Die Trichome sind von der Reife her soweit akzeptabel. Wir konnten einige Erfahrungen gut schreiben. Wir wissen jetzt was bei nur 400 Watt circa rumkommt. Da es ein auslaufgrow ist, haben wir Absichtlich aufgrund der Strain und vorereignisse nicht soviel Energie in sie investiert. Wie schon mal angemerkt, hatte sie auf den letzten Metern durch Stress angefangen ab und zu ein Samen zu produzieren. Wir haben nie einen Pollensack gefunden. Aber sie genau wie die Haupt- Mutter hatte diesen Mangel in der Blütephase aufgezeigt. Aber wir hatten durchweg kein Stammschimmel, was aussagt, das wir sie vegetaionsmäßig ein stückweit regenerieren konnten. Augenscheinlich sind auf manchen Mainbuds 4- 5 Samen verteilt zu sehen. Hoffen wir mal, dass es nicht schlimmer ist wie es gerade den Anschein bis hierher macht. Hätte aber auch definitiv noch wilder ausgehen können über solche ein Zeitraum. Ein paar andere pflanzen hatten wir ab und an mal betreut 😅 Ein bissen haben wir noch mit der Kamera einfangen können. In diesem Sinne pünktlich gestern zum B-day (des männlichen parts) geerntet. Egal wie, ein tolles Geschenk