At Day 33 we started with defolation. They seem to be very healthy, although there are fungus gnats. The Ladies have no problem with it. You already can see the preflower in the last pictures. Next step will be to send them in the Flower Stage and turn up the lights

21.09.Update – Day 54 • We’re now deep into flowering, and unfortunately the thrips problem has not improved. • On the contrary, the population has completely taken over and has had a strong negative influence on this run. ⸻ Pest Situation • Despite thorough cleaning before the run and multiple measures during the grow (Neem, Nematodes, Predatory Mites), the thrips kept spreading and finally took control. • The infestation has weakened the plants noticeably, reducing their potential and overall performance. • For the next cycle, I will need to take even stricter preventive steps to avoid a repeat of this issue. ⸻ Plant & Bud Development • Even though the plants were heavily affected, the buds themselves are still relatively solid: • They are compact, firm, and nicely structured. • The terpene profile is very appealing, with a rich and delicious aroma. • Yield will certainly be lower than expected, but there is still a chance for a satisfying end product. ⸻ Notes & Outlook • This run shows how devastating thrips pressure can be, even under careful preparation. • Nevertheless, the buds are giving hope for a decent harvest in terms of quality and flavor. • The plan now is to finish strong, harvest what can be saved, and then prepare carefully for a fresh, hopefully pest-free start. ⸻ 🌱 Day 54 – Thrips have dominated the run, but compact buds and great terps keep the outlook positive for harvest quality.

Alles top! Ein wenig lila Stängel.

Overall, good first time with this breeder strain - cure will tell everything but first impressions are beautiful - berry dank taste that hits you right away and lasts awhile...don't need much to give you couch lock from this bad boy :) 😏😎🙌

Muy satisfecho con la genética ya que el olor era lo que estaba buscando, el efecto es bastante relajante y me pareció muy agradable para pasar con amigos y trabajar.

Semana tranquila. Algunas hojas inferiores se están poniendo amarillas por falta de luz. Este cultivo decidí no quitar hojas y dejar que las plantas tuvieran el mínimo de estrés, por lo tanto las hojas inferiores no reciben luz. Las flores han aumentado bastante de tamaño y ya comienza a oler bastante rico el cuarto. Están consumiendo prácticamente dos litros de líquido al día. Buenos humos para todos!

8/22/2021 - Did some mid-flower defoliation to increase airflow and to prevent mold and mildew. - Split the top right main from trying to train her down and spread out the canopy, supporting with tape and twist ties. 8/23/2021 - Top right main is still vigorous after split.

happy Halloween 🎃 🎃🎃zusammen !! Die Pflanze macht sich gut aber ist nicht mehr viel in der hohe gewachsen und fängt schon an zu blühen sieht ganz lustig aus die topf combo !! die Pflanze ist vielleicht 25 cm groß also ein Zwerg

Yellow butterfly came to see me the other day; that was nice. Starting to show signs of stress on the odd leaf, localized isolated blips, blemishes, who said growing up was going to be easy! Smaller leaves have less surface area for stomata to occupy, so the stomata are packed more densely to maintain adequate gas exchange. Smaller leaves might have higher stomatal density to compensate for their smaller size, potentially maximizing carbon uptake and minimizing water loss. Environmental conditions like light intensity and water availability can influence stomatal density, and these factors can affect leaf size as well. Leaf development involves cell division and expansion, and stomatal differentiation is sensitive to these processes. In essence, the smaller leaf size can lead to a higher stomatal density due to the constraints of available space and the need to optimize gas exchange for photosynthesis and transpiration. In the long term, UV-B radiation can lead to more complex changes in stomatal morphology, including effects on both stomatal density and size, potentially impacting carbon sequestration and water use. In essence, UV-B can be a double-edged sword for stomata: It can induce stomatal closure and potentially reduce stomatal size, but it may also trigger an increase in stomatal density as a compensatory mechanism. It is generally more efficient for gas exchange to have smaller leaves with a higher stomatal density, rather than large leaves with lower stomatal density. This is because smaller stomata can facilitate faster gas exchange due to shorter diffusion pathways, even though they may have the same total pore area as fewer, larger stomata. Leaf size tends to decrease in colder climates to reduce heat loss, while larger leaves are more common in warmer, humid environments. Plants in arid regions often develop smaller leaves with a thicker cuticle and/or hairs to minimize water loss through transpiration. Conversely, plants in wet environments may have larger leaves and drip tips to facilitate water runoff. Leaf size and shape can vary based on light availability. For example, leaves in shaded areas may be larger and thinner to maximize light absorption. Leaf mass per area (LMA) can be higher in stressful environments with limited nutrients, indicating a greater investment in structural components for protection and critical resource conservation. Wind speed, humidity, and soil conditions can also influence leaf morphology, leading to variations in leaf shape, size, and surface characteristics. Small leaves: Reduce water loss in arid or cold climates. Environmental conditions significantly affect gene expression in plants. Plants are sessile organisms, meaning they cannot move to escape unfavorable conditions, so they rely on gene expression to adapt to their surroundings. Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability can trigger changes in gene expression, allowing plants to respond to and survive in diverse environments. Depending on the environment a young seedling encounters, the developmental program following seed germination could be skotomorphogenesis in the dark or photomorphogenesis in the light. Light signals are interpreted by a repertoire of photoreceptors followed by sophisticated gene expression networks, eventually resulting in developmental changes. The expression and functions of photoreceptors and key signaling molecules are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels of the central dogma in molecular biology. Light activates gene expression through the actions of positive transcriptional regulators and the relaxation of chromatin by histone acetylation. Small regulatory RNAs help attenuate the expression of light-responsive genes. Alternative splicing, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, the formation of diverse transcriptional complexes, and selective protein degradation all contribute to proteome diversity and change the functions of individual proteins. Photomorphogenesis, the light-driven developmental changes in plants, significantly impacts gene expression. It involves a cascade of events where light signals, perceived by photoreceptors, trigger changes in gene expression patterns, ultimately leading to the development of a plant in response to its light environment. Genes are expressed, not dictated! While having the potential to encode proteins, genes are not automatically and constantly active. Instead, their expression (the process of turning them into proteins) is carefully regulated by the cell, responding to internal and external signals. This means that genes can be "turned on" or "turned off," and the level of expression can be adjusted, depending on the cell's needs and the surrounding environment. In plants, genes are not simply "on" or "off" but rather their expression is carefully regulated based on various factors, including the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. This means that while all cells in a plant contain the same genetic information (the same genes), different cells will express different subsets of those genes at different times. This regulation is crucial for the proper functioning and development of the plant. When a green plant is exposed to red light, much of the red light is absorbed, but some is also reflected back. The reflected red light, along with any blue light reflected from other parts of the plant, can be perceived by our eyes as purple. Carotenoids absorb light in blue-green region of the visible spectrum, complementing chlorophyll's absorption in the red region. They safeguard the photosynthetic machinery from excessive light by activating singlet oxygen, an oxidant formed during photosynthesis. Carotenoids also quench triplet chlorophyll, which can negatively affect photosynthesis, and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cellular proteins. Additionally, carotenoid derivatives signal plant development and responses to environmental cues. They serve as precursors for the biosynthesis of phytohormones such as abscisic acid () and strigolactones (SLs). These pigments are responsible for the orange, red, and yellow hues of fruits and vegetables, while acting as free scavengers to protect plants during photosynthesis. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is an electronically excited state of molecular oxygen (O₂). Singlet oxygen is produced as a byproduct during photosynthesis, primarily within the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center and light-harvesting antenna complex. This occurs when excess energy from excited chlorophyll molecules is transferred to molecular oxygen. While singlet oxygen can cause oxidative damage, plants have mechanisms to manage its production and mitigate its harmful effects. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is considered a reactive oxygen species (ROS). It's a form of oxygen with higher energy and reactivity compared to the more common triplet oxygen found in its ground state. Singlet oxygen is generated both in biological systems, such as during photosynthesis in plants, and in cellular processes, and through chemical and photochemical reactions. While singlet oxygen is a ROS, it's important to note that it differs from other ROS like superoxide (O₂⁻), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) in its formation, reactivity, and specific biological roles. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) protects plants from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dissipating excess light energy as heat. This process reduces the overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments, which can lead to the production of ROS, thus mitigating the potential for photodamage. Zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in photoprotection in plants by both enhancing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). In high-light conditions, zeaxanthin is synthesized from violaxanthin through the xanthophyll cycle, and this zeaxanthin then facilitates heat dissipation of excess light energy (NPQ) and quenches harmful ROS. The Issue of Singlet Oxygen!! ROS Formation: Blue light, with its higher energy photons, can promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, within the plant. Potential Damage: High levels of ROS can damage cellular components, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, potentially impacting plant health and productivity. Balancing Act: A balanced spectrum of light, including both blue and red light, is crucial for mitigating the harmful effects of excessive blue light and promoting optimal plant growth and stress tolerance. The Importance of Red Light: Red light (especially far-red) can help to mitigate the negative effects of excessive blue light by: Balancing the Photoreceptor Response: Red light can influence the activity of photoreceptors like phytochrome, which are involved in regulating plant responses to different light wavelengths. Enhancing Antioxidant Production: Red and blue light can stimulate the production of antioxidants, which help to neutralize ROS and protect the plant from oxidative damage. Optimizing Photosynthesis: Red light is efficiently used in photosynthesis, and its combination with blue light can lead to increased photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. In controlled environments like greenhouses and vertical farms, optimizing the ratio of blue and red light is a key strategy for promoting healthy plant growth and yield. Understanding the interplay between blue light signaling, ROS production, and antioxidant defense mechanisms can inform breeding programs and biotechnological interventions aimed at improving plant stress resistance. In summary, while blue light is essential for plant development and photosynthesis, it's crucial to balance it with other light wavelengths, particularly red light, to prevent excessive ROS formation and promote overall plant health. Oxidative damage in plants occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plant's ability to neutralize them, leading to cellular damage. This imbalance, known as oxidative stress, can result from various environmental stressors, affecting plant growth, development, and overall productivity. Causes of Oxidative Damage: Abiotic stresses: These include extreme temperatures (heat and cold), drought, salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and excessive light. Biotic stresses: Pathogen attacks and insect infestations can also trigger oxidative stress. Metabolic processes: Normal cellular activities, particularly in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes, can generate ROS as byproducts. Certain chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates can produce singlet oxygen (1O2), a potent ROS, leading to oxidative damage. ROS can damage lipids (lipid peroxidation), proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids (DNA). Oxidative stress can compromise the integrity of cell membranes, affecting their function and permeability. Oxidative damage can interfere with essential cellular functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, and signal transduction. In severe cases, oxidative stress can trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). Oxidative damage can lead to stunted growth, reduced biomass, and lower crop yields. Plants have evolved intricate antioxidant defense systems to counteract oxidative stress. These include: Enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and various peroxidases scavenge ROS and neutralize their damaging effects. Antioxidant molecules like glutathione, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), C60 fullerene, and carotenoids directly neutralize ROS. Developing plant varieties with gene expression focused on enhanced antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance is crucial. Optimizing irrigation, fertilization, and other management practices can help minimize stress and oxidative damage. Applying antioxidant compounds or elicitors can help plants cope with oxidative stress. Introducing genes for enhanced antioxidant enzymes or stress-related proteins over generations. Phytohormones, also known as plant hormones, are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that regulate plant growth, development, and various physiological processes. The five major classes of phytohormones are: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. In addition to these, other phytohormones like brassinosteroids, jasmonates, and salicylates also play significant roles. Here's a breakdown of the key phytohormones: Auxins: Primarily involved in cell elongation, root initiation, and apical dominance. Gibberellins: Promote stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. Cytokinins: Stimulate cell division and differentiation, and delay leaf senescence. Ethylene: Regulates fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Abscisic acid (ABA): Plays a role in seed dormancy, stomatal closure, and stress responses. Brassinosteroids: Involved in cell elongation, division, and stress responses. Jasmonates: Regulate plant defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as other processes. Salicylic acid: Plays a role in plant defense against pathogens. 1. Red and Far-Red Light (Phytochromes): Red light: Primarily activates the phytochrome system, converting it to its active form (Pfr), which promotes processes like stem elongation and flowering. Far-red light: Inhibits the phytochrome system by converting the active Pfr form back to the inactive Pr form. This can trigger shade avoidance responses and inhibit germination. Phytohormones: Red and far-red light regulate phytohormones like auxin and gibberellins, which are involved in stem elongation and other growth processes. 2. Blue Light (Cryptochromes and Phototropins): Blue light: Activates cryptochromes and phototropins, which are involved in various processes like stomatal opening, seedling de-etiolation, and phototropism (growth towards light). Phytohormones: Blue light affects auxin levels, influencing stem growth, and also impacts other phytohormones involved in these processes. Example: Blue light can promote vegetative growth and can interact with red light to promote flowering. 3. UV-B Light (UV-B Receptors): UV-B light: Perceived by UVR8 receptors, it can affect plant growth and development and has roles in stress responses, like UV protection. Phytohormones: UV-B light can influence phytohormones involved in stress responses, potentially affecting growth and development. 4. Other Colors: Green light: Plants are generally less sensitive to green light, as chlorophyll reflects it. Other wavelengths: While less studied, other wavelengths can also influence plant growth and development through interactions with different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Key Points: Cross-Signaling: Plants often experience a mix of light wavelengths, leading to complex interactions between different photoreceptors and phytohormones. Species Variability: The precise effects of light color on phytohormones can vary between different plant species. Hormonal Interactions: Phytohormones don't act in isolation; their interactions and interplay with other phytohormones and environmental signals are critical for plant responses. The spectral ratio of light (the composition of different colors of light) significantly influences a plant's hormonal balance. Different wavelengths of light are perceived by specific photoreceptors in plants, which in turn regulate the production and activity of various plant hormones (phytohormones). These hormones then control a wide range of developmental processes.

Bienvenidos a la semana #1! Parece que la experiencia previa con la lámpara LED 50W me está yendo mejor en este round He mantenido la lámpara a 28 cm desde germinacion lo que me ha dado unos 250 PPFD a la cota del substrato Medición hecha con la app "Photone" y el móvil (gracias @Chubbs). Igual no es preciso como un luxometro, pero las plantas están respondiendo bien y no se ha estirado mucho (espero vuestros comentarios! ) y tiene un color verde brillante sin signos de estrés (toco madera! ) por lo que me sirve de referencia. Las plantas han estado desde el día #1 al día #8 con la garrafa de plástico a modo de invernadero. El día #9 se ha eliminado la garrafa de plástico al ya tener las dos primeras hojas verdaderas, y he ajustado la lámpara a 34 cm para tener los mismos PPFD que con la media garrafa He puesto en la sala un ventilador doméstico a unos dos metros de distancia que refresca la sala y hace que las plantulas se muevan ligeramente para que se endurezcan los tallos. El día #9 se ha regado también con 100 ml de agua embotellada a una distancia de unos 9 cm del tallo para favorecer que las raíces se crezcan hacia el exterior de la maceta. Por último, he colocado una nueva versión de la protección antigatos casera. Gracias a @massivetids @Creepy_Steve @GMSgrows @Chubbs @Clutch por vuestra ayuda en los comentarios y en las grow question! La semana que viene nueva actualizacion!

07 august 2018, thick buds are al;ost ready for harvest. Will let it for couple weeks. Today gonna stop using Plagron and pass to clear water.

Hey there, I will say goodbye, fastbuds dont appreciate my work and this reports cost a lot of time maybe i come back. But i get 6 seeds for my 58 diaries waited 6 month to get the next seeds only to get no answer and no seed. My plan was big but i had to stop in the middle of the beginning so see ya and happy growing!

Her aroma it's exactly the same that have her sisters. Very recognizable aroma, super super sweet and fruity I am Starting to feel more and more the cherry aroma. Very beautiful strain to grow. Very dense and compact nuggets. The size of the plant is not very big but her flowers are definitely top 🔝 and is gonna give a beautiful organic top harvest for me! Very recomended to you all growmies. Kthe aroma and the dense flowers will make you fall in love with her for sure. 💚✌️💦🌱❄️👨‍🌾

Hello world! It was the last week before the harvest for my strong and hardy bush dark phoenix. I continue to clean the substpat with water with the right level of ph Today is the last day of the purge. At the end, the water off plant was close to 200 ppm, which corresponds to the level of my drinking water. I'm watering the last time today and turning off the lights for 2-3 days, making the flowers extra stressful, and directing the remnants of fertilizer and salts to the root system. Please watch photos and video of the last week. The flowers turned out to be very dense and medium-sized with about a tangerine. Smell with northern notes, menthol, citron, earthy smell. 🍀😇🤗👌

Just put 1 seed on soil and put water

She is a very beautiful baby. The Purple Lemonade is growing regular, she is very topping reactive and new brunches go fast. In this case the first top was not so perfect and a central brunche is reborn and i fimmed it. The first buds "peluria" is visible.

The seed came to me as automatic, but it wasn't presenting the sex ....

Growth Overview: Vegetative Stage: Auto Critical Orange Punch developed into a thick and bushy plant with vigorous growth. It filled out its space well, creating a dense canopy of healthy, deep green leaves. Flowering Stage: The plant maintained its bushy structure, with buds developing steadily and gaining significant mass. By the time of harvest, the buds were thick and plentiful, displaying a beautiful orange hue typical of this strain. Harvest Details: Timing: Harvested at the peak of maturity, with the trichomes reaching the desired level of cloudiness and amber. Yield: The plant produced a substantial amount of dense, resinous buds, thanks to its bushy nature and strong branching.